The continuous input, slow decomposition, and retention of straw can impede tillage and crop growth, and the decomposition process of the straw in soil is affected by its composition and the method of application. Experimental Station of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, Jilin Province. The soil type was Argiudolls, the experimental field area was 30 m², and the maize was planted continuously for 12 years without returning the straw to the field. There were four treatments: (1) control (CK), 10 g of straw was placed on the surface of a nylon mesh bag, and the nylon mesh bag was separated from the soil by polyethylene film without contacting with the soil; (2) straw mulching (CM), a nylon mesh bag with 10 g of straw was placed on the soil surface; (3) straw burying (CD), a nylon mesh bag with 10 g of straw was buried at a depth of 40 cm from the soil surface; (4) straw burying (CE), a nylon mesh bag with 40 cm of soil depth. Fifteen micro-zones were set up with a micro-zone area of 1 m² and each micro-zone consisted of four treatments randomly grouped in three replicates per treatment. The on-site nylon bag burying trial started on 20 April 2021 and ended on 15 April 2022. Nylon bag and soil samples were collected on days 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360. SOC, TN, straw component decomposition, and water droplet-soil contact angle were determined. Our results showed that the CE treatment increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content compared to the CM and CD treatments. Compared with CK, straw decomposition rates increased by 13.3%, 30.8%, and 22.3% in the CM, CD, and CE treatments, respectively. Lignin decomposition rates increased by 7.8%, 27.3%, and 16.2%; cellulose decomposition rates increased by 14.6%, 35.4%, and 27.3%; and hemicellulose decomposition rates increased by 17.2%, 31.7% and 23.7% in the CD treatment, respectively. Compared with CK, the contact angle of droplets in the CD treatment was statistically significantly increased by 91.5% when the droplets remained on the soil surface for 5 s. The rate of decrease of droplet contact angle with time was statistically significantly decreased by 11.8%, and the penetration rate of droplets on the soil surface was slower. Overall, the CD treatment promoted straw decomposition and increased SWR compared to the CM and CE treatments. which are important attributes to enhance soil quality and improve soil structural stability.

The mechanism of the influence of soil water repellency (SWR) and agglomeration stability on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization has not been thoroughly studied following different methods of returning straw to the field. The research background in this study was ordinary black soil, and the addition of straw was accomplished via straw mixing (CT), straw mulching (CM), straw deep burying (CD), and straw tripling deep burial (CE). A 120-day long-term incubation test was used to measure the contact angle between water droplets and soil, the particle size distribution of aggregates and their organic carbon (OC) content, organic carbon pool (OCP) content, OC contribution, and soil CO₂-C release, the extent of SWR and the direct effect of agglomerates on SOC mineralization were assessed under different straw return methods. The results revealed that the water-droplet–soil contact angle (CA) was much greater and the rate of CA decline was significantly lower in the CD treatment compared to the CT, CM, and CE treatments, the rate of water droplet penetration on the soil surface was slower, and the SWR was improved. The CD treatment significantly increased the content of macroaggregates and their OCP content, and also significantly increased the content of microaggregates’ OC. The CO₂-C emission rate and cumulative emissions were enhanced by adding the same amount of straw, with the most significant enhancement in the deep straw treatment. The cumulative CO₂-C emission rate and SOC mineralization significantly increased with increases in SWR, macroaggregates content, and microaggregates OC content, but significantly decreased with increases in macroaggregates’ OC content, according to principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. These results highlight the extent of SWR and the direct effect of agglomerate particle size distribution and OC content on SOC mineralization under different straw return methods. This will help to consolidate soil structural stability and nutrient management to support productivity and SOC sequestration in different agricultural systems.