Agriculture is an important sector that plays an important role in providing food to both humans and animals. In addition, this sector plays an important role in the world economy. Changes in climatic conditions and biotic and abiotic stresses cause significant damage to agricultural production around the world. Therefore, the development of sustainable agricultural techniques is becoming increasingly important keeping in view the growing population and its demands. Nanotechnology provides important tools to different industrial sectors, and nowadays, the use of nanotechnology is focused on achieving a sustainable agricultural system. Great attention has been given to the development and optimization of nanomaterials and their application in the agriculture sector to improve plant growth and development, plant health and protection and overall performance in terms of morphological and physiological activities. The present communication provides up-to-date information on nanotechnological interventions in the agriculture sector. The present review deals with nanoparticles, their types and the role of nanotechnology in plant growth, development, pathogen detection and crop protection, its role in the delivery of genetic material, plant growth regulators and agrochemicals and its role in genetic engineering. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology in stress management is also discussed. Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanotechnology for improving agricultural production.

In the current study, the impact of silicon nanoparticles on germination characteristics and key growth parameters was investigated in Moso bamboo seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress. The seeds were germinated at a concentration of 100 μM Cd alone and in combination with two levels of SiO2 NPs (100 and 200 μM), and the results were compared with those from a control treatment. The results indicated that SiO2 NPs significantly improved germination characteristics (GP, GR, and GI) under Cd toxicity but also led to increased mean germination time (MGT). On the other hand, the results indicated that the seedling growth indexes, seedling biomass and vigor indexes of Moso bamboo improved under a combination of 100 μM Cd and silicon nanoparticles. We concluded that SiO2 NPs could ameliorate cadmium toxicity during seed germination and that the enhanced germination parameters improved seedling growth in Moso bamboo under Cd toxicity. We also found that SiO2 NPs at 200 μM rather than 100 μM had a greater beneficial impact on the seed germination and the seedling growth under the Cd stress of 100 μM. Thus, the use of SiO2 NPs may help in controlling Cd toxicity at the stages of seed germination and seedling growth in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

The global population growth is driving up the demand for agricultural products, while traditional farming methods like those from the Green Revolution are becoming unsustainable due to climate change. To address these challenges and ensure agricultural sustainability, innovative techniques, such as nanotechnology, are essential to meet rising food demands and enhance agricultural sustainability. Nanotechnology, which promotes a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system while enhancing food security, is a key catalyst for the Agri-tech revolution. This review offers a progressive analysis of nanotechnology's role in managing plant stress. It explores how precision agriculture, particularly via nanosensors, is enhancing our comprehension of plant stress conditions. The integration of nanotechnology with genetic engineering methods, notably CRISPR-Cas technology, is also examined. Furthermore, the review considers the potential toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on both the environment and plants. Our review has the potential to make a significant impact on human food security by enhancing food production and availability while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. By tackling these challenges, we can contribute to a more reliable and sustainable food supply for the global population.

Bamboo forests cover a remarkable area of Chinese forestland. Recently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have been used for plant protection against abiotic stress. In this study, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to determine the impact of titanium on plant tolerance to two different heavy metals (Cu and Pb). Bamboo plants (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) were grown using five concentrations of TiO₂ NPS (0, 50, 80, 100, and 150 µM) without or with 100 µM Cu and 100 µM Pb for 30 days. The results showed that while Cu and Pb increased the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds in plants, TiO₂ NP treatments played a positive role in reducing oxidative stress, as indicated by the decrease in ROS compounds, the extent of lipoperoxidation, and soluble proteins. On the other hand, the use of TiO₂ NPs increased the total antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll content and general plant biomass. Moreover, the addition of TiO₂ NPs significantly reduced Cu, and Pb accumulation in roots, stems, and shoots. We concluded that TiO₂ NPs have the ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants by increasing the antioxidant capacity, improving the level of injury, and protecting cell membranes via reducing lipoperoxidation (reduction of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content). However, the results indicated that the efficiency of TiO₂ NPs was related to the type and concentration of heavy metal, as TiO₂ NPs were more effective for Cu than Pb. Additionally, a high concentration of TiO₂ NPs resulted in the greatest enhancement in plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

Bamboo (subfamily Bambusoideae, Poaceae) ranks among the fastest-growing plants on Earth, achieving up to 1 m day⁻¹, significantly faster than other fast growing woody plant such as Eucalyptus (up to 0.6 m day⁻¹) and Populus (up to 0.5 m day⁻¹). Native to Asia, South America and Africa, and cultivated on approximately 37 million ha worldwide, bamboo delivers multifaceted environmental, social, and economic benefits. Historically central to construction, handicrafts, paper and cuisine, bamboo has evolved into a high-value cash crop and green innovation platform. Its rapid renewability allows multiple harvests of young shoots in fast-growing species such as Phyllostachys edulis and Dendrocalamus asper. Its high tensile strength, flexibility, and ecological adaptability make it suitable for applications in bioenergy (bioethanol, biogas, biochar), advanced materials (engineered composites, textiles, activated carbon), and biotechnology (fermentable sugars, prebiotics, biochemicals). Bamboo shoots and leaves provide essential nutrients, antioxidants and bioactive compounds with documented health and pharmaceutical potential. With a global market value exceeding USD 41 billion, bamboo demand continues to grow in response to the call for sustainable materials. Ecologically, bamboo sequesters up to 259 t C ha⁻¹, stabilizes soil, enhances agroforestry systems and enables phytoremediation of degraded lands. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including species- and age-dependent mechanical variability; vulnerability to decay and pests; flammability; lack of standardized harvesting and engineering codes; and environmental impacts of certain processing methods. This review traces bamboo’s trajectory from a traditional resource to a strategic bioresource aligned with Industry 5.0, underscores its role in low-emission, circular bioeconomies and identifies pathways for optimized cultivation, green processing technologies and integration into carbon-credit frameworks. By addressing these challenges through innovation and policy support, bamboo can underpin resilient, human-centric economies and drive sustainable development.