Knowledge about the genetic diversity of the available common bean germplasm can help breeders properly direct the choice of genetic material in the breeding process. The aim of the present work was to estimate the usefulness of 10 RAPD and 10 SCoT markers in genetic diversity detection among 33 common bean genotypes. Both molecular marker systems were able to generate high levels of polymorphism in the genetic material, which was supported by the relatively high polymorphic information content (PIC) values observed for the used markers. The Diversity Detection Index (DDI) and Marker Index (MI) were used to compare the effectiveness of RAPD and SCoT markers. For both techniques, high values of MI and DDI were calculated, representing their effectivity. The SCoT markers showed higher values of the parameters used (MI = 7.474, DI = 2.265) than the RAPD markers (MI = 5.323, DDI = 1.612), indicating their higher efficiency in the detection of molecular variability. Three constructed dendrograms and PCoA plots were created using RAPD and SCoT, and both methods combined confirmed sufficient separation of the bean genotypes from each other. At the same time, a higher efficiency of SCoT markers compared to RAPD markers in the detection of the genetic diversity of beans was also proven. The results may be of future interest in the choice of genetically distant material for breeding purposes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of 22 oat genotypes, of which 20 genotypes were common oats and 2 were naked oats, using 7 SCoT primers. Out of 40 fragments that were totally amplified, 26 were polymorphic, with an average number of 3.71 polymorphic fragments per genotype. The average percentage of polymorphism was 65.67%. The value of the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.305 (SCoT12) to 0.674 (SCoT8), with an average value of 0.506. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, a dendrogram was constructed. The genotypes of oats were divided into two main groups. Two naked oats (Avena nuda L.), Czech genotype Izak and Slovak genotype Hronec, grouped side by side in subcluster Ia. The used SCoT markers showed the ability to identify and differentiate genotypes of the common and naked oats.

Lunasin is a biologically active peptide, with a polypeptide chain consisting of 43 amino acids, originally discovered as a 2S albumin protein from the seed of the soybean coded by the GM2S-1 gene. The most significant health benefits include antioxidant activity, anti-hypertension activity, and chemoprevention activity. Lunasin peptide was initially detected in many plant species, but there is controversy about its exact origins at present. Therefore, we focused on the detection of the Lunasin gene by a polymerase chain reaction and Lunasin peptide by one and two-dimensional electrophoreses, in various plants. These results confirmed that Lunasin peptide, as well as the Lunasin gene, were observed only in soybean seeds. There was also a confirmed presence of Lunasin-like peptide in various plants (spelt wheat, bean, and oat), but gene detection was not successful.