The discharge and accumulation of coal-based solid waste have caused great harm to the ecological environment recently. Coal-based solid wastes, such as coal gangue and fly ash, are rich in valuable components, such as rare earth elements (REY), silicon dioxide, alkali metal oxides, and transition metal oxides, which can be used to synthesize various functional Si-based porous materials. This article systematically summarizes the physicochemical characteristics and general processing methods of coal gangue and fly ash and reviews the progress in the application of porous materials prepared from these two solid wastes in the fields of energy and environmental protection, including the following: the adsorption treatment of heavy metal ions, ionic dyes, and organic pollutants in wastewater; the adsorption treatment of CO₂, SO₂, NO_x, and volatile organic compounds in waste gas; the energy regeneration of existing resources, such as waste plastics, biomass, H₂, and CO; and the preparation of Li–Si batteries. Combining the composition, structure, and action mechanism of various solid-waste-based porous materials, this article points out their strengths and weaknesses in the above applications. Furthermore, ideas for improvements in the applications, performance improvement methods, and energy consumption reduction processes of typical solid-waste-based porous materials are presented in this article. These works will deepen our understanding of the application of solid-waste-based porous materials in wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment, energy regeneration, and other aspects, as well as providing assistance for the integration of new technologies into solid-waste-based porous material preparation industries, and providing new ideas for reducing and reusing typical Chinese solid waste resources.

DNA molecules can be adopted to design biomolecular control circuits that can effectively control biochemical reaction processes. However, the leak reaction in actual biochemical reactions causes a significant uncertainty for reactions. In this paper, the first-order time-delay system is selected as the controlled object. A two-degree-of-freedom internal model PID controller (2DOF IMC-PID) is constructed for the first time within the framework of chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Under this control strategy, the set-point tracking and disturbance suppression are tuned with individual controllers, respectively. The controller parameters are determined by two filtering parameters that affect the controller’s performance, so the parameter tuning is simpler and more targeted. Then, the 2DOF IMC-PID controller is implemented in DSD reaction networks, with less overshoot in the 2DOF IMC-PID control system than the traditional PID control system and the 2DOF PID control system. Finally, a 2DOF IMC-PID division gate control system is established to effectively inhibit the impacts of leak reactions on the computation results. Although the leak reaction occurs at the division gate, the ideal output can be produced by the 2DOF IMC-PID division gate control system.

The emerging field at the intersection of synthetic biology, network modelling, and control theory has grown in popularity in recent years. In this study, the aim is to design synthetic biomolecular controllers by exploiting the covalent modification cycle (CMC) enhanced with direct and indirect positive autoregulation (DPAR and IPAR). Two novel biomolecular controllers proposed, the Brink controller (BC) with DPAR (namely BC-DPAR) and the BC with IPAR (namely BC-IPAR), allow to (a) use fewer chemical reactions than purely designs based on dual chemical reaction networks (DCRNs), and (b) improve the stability of ultrasensitive response when designing biomolecular controllers. Following the conversion route from chemical reactions to DNA strand displacements, the integration of the two novel controllers and an enzymatic proteolysis model proposed aims to analyse the regulatory properties by exploring the tracking response of proteolysis products.

This paper investigates the problem of dissipative control for a class of uncertain singular Markovian jump systems. Different from the traditional control strategy, a derivative gain and impulsive control part are added in the proposed controller. A linearization approach via congruence transformations is proposed to solve the feedback design problem. In addition, the derived results contain $ H_{\infty} $ and passive control as special cases. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methods.