This study investigates the effects of immobilizing fungi on the straw’s performance as an oil sorbent. The buoyancy of the straw with fungi was found to be unaffected by the immobilization process. Even when sorbed with oil, the straw floated on the water’s surface throughout the 14-day test period. The sorption kinetics of the oil appeared similar in the straw with and without immobilized fungi, regardless of beaker shaking. However, the fraction of non-extractable oil was higher in the straw with fungi and shaking compared to the straw without shaking. This observation suggests the potential initiation of oil mining. Based on these results, it is suggested that instead of leaving the straw with fungi and oil in the water, removing it may be beneficial and allow for oil degradation and straw decomposition on land.

Мета статті – дослідити вплив різних способів застосування мікробного препарату Поліміксобактерину на фосфорне живлення рослин кукурудзи та обґрунтувати ефективність дії нового агроприйому. Методика досліджень. У процесі дослідження використано польовий метод, біохімічні (визначення вмісту фосфору у зерні та листо-стебловій масі рослин), агрохімічні (визначення виносу фосфору із зерном та побічною продукцією) та статистичні методи. Результати дослідження. За результатами проведених досліджень встановлено, що у середньому за три роки було виявлено тенденцію щодо збільшення вмісту фосфору в зерні кукурудзи дослідних варіантів із застосуванням мікробного препарату до 0,50-0,55 % порівняно з контрольним варіантом, де цей показник склав 0,47 %. Проведення поверхневої обробки вегетуючих рослин у фазі 7‒9 листків на фоні бактеризації збільшило загальний винос фосфору з урожаєм зерна на 53,2 %, з побічною продукцією на 36,3 %. Елементи наукової новизни. Виявлено особливості впливу нового способу застосування Поліміксобактерину, який включає бактеризацію насіння та поверхневу обробку вегетуючих рослин, на інтенсивність фосфорного живлення кукурудзи і винос цього елементу з урожаєм культури. Практична значущість. На основі експериментальних досліджень встановлено, що при вирощуванні кукурудзи доцільно використовувати агроприйом, що включає бактеризацію насіння і поверхневу обробку рослин по вегетації Поліміксобактерином, який впливає на підсилення засвоєння фосфору рослинами та сприяє збільшенню його вмісту у листо-стебловій масі і зерні кукурудзи, і, як наслідок, підвищується винос цього елементу з урожаєм культури, що свідчить про підвищення ефективності фосфорного живлення рослин кукурудзи. The purpose of the article is to investigate the influence of various methods of using the Polymixobacterin microbial preparation on the phosphorous nutrition of corn plants and to substantiate the effectiveness of the new agricultural practice. Methods of research. Field method, biochemical (determining phosphorus content in grain and leaf-stem part of plants) and agrochemical (determining grain and by-products’ phosphorus yield) and statistical methods were used during the study. The research results. According to the results of the conducted researches, it was established that on the average over the three years of investigations the tendency of increasing phosphorus content in corn grain of experimental variants with the application of a microbial preparation up to 0.50–0.55 % was revealed in comparison with the control variant, in which this index was 0.47 %. Conducting the surface treatment of vegetating plants in the 7–9 leaf phase on the background of bacterization increased the total phosphorus removal in grain harvest by 53.2 %, and in by-product – by 36.3 %. The elements of scientific novelty. The peculiarities of the impact of the new method of applying Polymixobacterin, which includes the bacterization of seeds and surface treatment of vegetating plants, on the intensity of phosphorus nutrition of corn and removing this element with the yield were revealed. Practical significance. Based on the experimental studies it was established that at cultivating corn, it is expedient to use of agricultural practices, which include seed bacterization and surface treatment of vegetating plants with Polymixobacterin, which affects the enhanced phosphorus assimilation by plants and contributes to increasing its content in leaf-stalk mass and corn grains, and as a consequence, the removal of this element in the crop yield is raised, which testifies to growing the effectiveness of phosphorous nutrition of corn plants.

Currently, the introduction of new techniques for corn growing technology, which involves the use of microbial drugs – growth stimulators and the study of their effects on the process of photosynthesis is relevant. In the conditions of field experiment on black soil, the effect of microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn – a growth stimulator of plants on various methods of its application on the formation and productivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants of hybrid Dniprovsky 181 SV was studied. It was determined that the bacterialisation of seeds with subsequent surface treatment of vegetable corn plants with Polymiksobacteryn in the phase of 3–5 or 7–9 leaves – agroprimus, which provides activation of the process of photosynthesis. In particular, for the combination of bacteritisation and surface treatment of vegetative plants, the area of the leaf surface increases to 5315 cm²/plant in the flowering phase, which is 40.0% more relative to the control variant, this indicates an improvement in the conditions of growth and development of maize due to the growth-stimulating properties of the microbial preparation. The index of chlorophyll content (a + b) increases, and among all the experimental variants, the highest value of 146.7 mg/100 g of leaves installed with the combined use of Polimyksobacteryn – the bacteritisation of seeds and surface treatment by vegetation, which is 36.2% higher than the benchmark 107.7 mg/100 g of leaves. The increase in area of the leaf surface was accompanied by raising in the net photosynthesis efficiency of 6.34 g/m² per day in the control version to 10.39 g/m² per day (or 63.8%) as a result of bacteritisation and surface treatment of corn vegetable plants, indicating about formation of the optimum structure and productivity of the paper machine. It should be noted that according to the data, the method of using microbial preparation, which included seeding bacteria and superficial treatment of vegetative plants, better than taking bacteria or seed treatment separately. Therefore, in the cultivation of maize, the use of the microbial preparation Polymiksobacteryn, the growth stimulator of plants, by bacterialization of seeds in combination with surface treatment of plants in vegetation, increases the quantitative and improves qualitative parameters of photosynthetic activity of plants, which is essentially of practical importance for increasing the productivity of this culture.

The article examines the peculiarities of the DOMINANT GREENSHELL egg-laying poultry, in particular, the indicator of laying capacity in floor-level growing. Environmental factors affecting the viability and productivity of chickens have beenanalyzed. Data of the experiment has been given and such shortcomings of keeping as loss and high specific weight of dirty and broken eggs have been revealed. The components of the cost price and the change in the cost price of finished products in different periods of poultry breeding have been highlighted. On the basis of the conducted experiment, an explanation has been made regarding the impact of production costs on the cost price of eggs, in particular compound feed. The profitability of the production of eggs with a colored shell for floor-level growing has been analyzed and the necessity of selling them in the premium segment has been proved.

The nature of the antagonistic interaction between the bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-22, B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 5/13 and B. cereus 3/7, previously isolated from the surface of mineral fertilizer granules, and phytopathogenic micromycetes was investigated, and the degree of inhibition of the development of fungal mycelium in laboratory conditions was established. The antagonistic properties of bacterial strains were determined by the method of double countercultures. The inhibitory activity of the microbial culture was estimated by the percentage of inhibition of the test culture when co-cultivated with antagonists. The strains B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 5/13 and B. amyloliquefaciens B-22 had the greatest inhibitory effect against the causative agent of Alternaria blight. The growth of mycelium of F. culmorum 50716, F. moniliforme 156 and F. oxysporum 311 was most limited by the B. amyloliquefaciens B-22 strain (68.5%, 85.5% and 62.9% respectively). Among the bacterial cultures studied, strain 5/13 inhibited the development of F. solani EK 1 by 71.1%. Against the phytopathogen N. oryzae 5000, the studied strains B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 5/13 and B. amyloliquefaciens B-22 showed a high level of inhibitory activity — 96.6 and 83.7%, respectively. Against the phytopathogen N. oryzae 3000, the inhibition rates were somewhat lower. B. cereus 3/7 slightly inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Nigrospora — 27.7% (N. oryzae 5000) and 31.6% (N. oryzae 3000). According to the results of the study of the antagonistic activity of the bacteria B. amyloliquefaciens B-22, B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 5/13 and B. cereus 3/7, isolated from the surface of mineral fertilizer granules, it was found that strains B-22 and 3/7 exhibit a fairly high fungistatic effect on phytopathogenic test cultures. B. cereus 3/7 is the least effective in inhibiting the growth of phytopathogenic micromycetes.

Objective. To analyse literature on microbiological aspects of composting in general and chicken manure in particular. To compare the features and consequences of composting using resident microbiota and introduction of specially selected microorganisms to the composted substrate. Methods. Analysis. Synthesis. Generalization. Results. Composting of chicken manure is a process carried out to ferment and stabilize organic waste. Destruction or significant reduction of the number of pathogenic microorganisms, the transformation of nitrogen and carbon into stable organic forms, the reduction of the volume of waste and the improvement of their fertilizing qualities are among the important consequences of composting as a method of processing chicken manure. Inoculation of chicken manure using effective selected microorganisms is a measure that stimulates the proliferation of resident microbial populations, increases the number of microbiota in communities capable of generating the desired enzymes, and thus significantly speeds up and improves the composting process. Currently, technologies for composting chicken manure using exogenous microorganisms have been developed, which allow solving the key problem associated with nitrogen losses, which increases the value of manure as a source of organic fertilizers. However, the large species and numerical diversity of the “aboriginal” microbiota in poultry manure complicates the process of introducing agronomically valuable microorganisms to the composted substrate. The complexity of the composting process is also due to the impossibility of generalizing the initial properties and composition of the manure, which depend on the diet of poultry, management conditions on farms, etc. Conclusion. A brief analysis of the role of microorganisms in chicken manure composting shows the need for mandatory optimization of the carbon/nitrogen ratio in the substrate, taking into account microbiological aspects of the process, the importance of using selected microorganisms to improve the features of the final product.