Ресурсный потенциал некоторых видов рода Miscanthus Anderss. в условиях континентального климата лесостепи Западной Сибири

Molecular-genetic analysis is widely used in various fields of science. In particular, molecular ecology for environmental assessment is the basis of the modern methodological base. Different species and populations contain a large pool of genetic variability, which plays a major role in the adaptation of species to various environmental conditions. A significant part of this variability does not have a clear phenotypic expression, which greatly complicates the study of the huge genetic potential of genera, species, and populations. More convenient markers for studying these issues are seed proteins and DNA, which are characterized by significant intraspecific polymorphism and independence from the external conditions of plant development; the most suitable methods are the electrophoresis of seed storage proteins and all methods for the PCR amplification of genomic DNA. This review shows the role of molecular-genetic methods in solving traditional environmental issues related to taxonomy, phylogeny, evolution, the study of genetic variability, and the identification of inbreeding depression in natural and artificially created populations of endemic, rare, and endangered species, as well as in their certification (by barcoding) and creating DNA genebanks.

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples.

Morphostructural features of aerial parts of shoots have been studied in endemic Hedysarum austrosibiricumB. Fedtsch growing at the altitude range of 1200–2350 m in the mountain areas of the Altai...

The morphological structure of the aboveground part of the sprouts of the Astragalus mongholicus Bunge s.l. plants, which grow in Gorny Altai and Buryatiya and Irkutsk regions, was studied. The complex of adaptive morphological traits of this species has been revealed. The dependence of the traits on the confined-ness of the plants to the different heights above sea level has been estimated.

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