The assembly of colloidal hyaluronic acid (HyA, as a polysaccharide) based hydrogel particles in an aqueous medium is characterized in the present paper, with an emphasis on the particular case of nanohydrogels formed by surfactant-neutralized polysaccharide networks. The structural changes and particle formation process of polysaccharide- and cationic-surfactant-containing systems were induced by the charge neutralization ability and the hydrophobic interactions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under different conditions. Based on the rheological, light scattering, ζ-potential, turbidity, and charge titration measurements, it can be concluded that the preparation of the HyA-CTAB particles can be greatly controlled. The results indicate that more available negative charges can be detected on the polymer chain at smaller initial amounts of HyA (c_HyA < 0.10 mg/mL), where a molecular solution can be formed. The change in the pH has a negligible effect on the formation process (particle aggregation appears at n_CTAB/n_HyA,monomer~1.0 in every case), while the temperature dependence of the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) of CTAB determines the complete neutralization of the forming nanohydrogels. The results of our measurements confirm that after the appearance of stable colloidal particles, a structural change and aggregation of the polymer particles take place, and finally the complete charge neutralization of the system occurs.

While numerous papers have been published according to the binary surfactant mixtures, only a few articles provide deeper information on the composition dependence of the micellization, and even less work attempts to apply the enhanced feature of the mixed micelles. The most important parameter of the self-assembled surfactants is the critical micelle concentration (cmc), which quantifies the tendency to associate, and provides the Gibbs energy of micellization. Several techniques are known for determining the cmc, but the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can be used to measure both cmc and enthalpy change (Δ_micH) accompanying micelle formation. Outcomes of our calorimetric investigations were evaluated using a self-developed routine for handling ITC data and the thermodynamic parameters of mixed micelle formation were obtained from the nonlinear modelling of temperature- and composition- dependent enthalpograms. In the investigated temperature and micelle mole fractions interval, we observed some intervals where the cmc is lower than the ideal mixing model predicted value. These equimolar binary surfactant mixtures showed higher solubilization ability for poorly water-soluble model drugs than their individual compounds. Thus, the rapid and fairly accurate calorimetric analysis of mixed micelles can lead to the successful design of a nanoscale drug carrier.

Összefoglaló. A Gorlin–Goltz-szindróma – más néven naevoid basalsejtes carcinoma szindróma – egy ritka, viszont számos orvosi társszakmát érintő, rendkívül változatos megjelenésű és genetikailag is heterogén betegség. Bár a tudományos kutatások egyik kedvenc területe, az aránylag alacsony betegszám, valamint a genotípus és a fenotípus közötti, igen komplex összefüggések miatt a kórképről meglévő ismereteink még nem teljesek. A témában megjelent nemzetközi és magyar nyelvű publikációk jelentős része esetközlésekre és a szindróma általános ismertetésére szorítkozik. A közlemény célja, hogy áttekintést adjon a szindróma genetikai vonatkozásairól. A nemzetközi és a magyar nyelvű szakirodalom áttanulmányozását végeztük. A naevoid basalsejtes carcinoma szindróma genetikai hátterének, az egyelőre azonosítatlan örökletes tényezőknek pontos megismerése még várat magára. A genetikai vizsgálatok a szindróma pontosabb megértéséhez, könnyebb diagnosztizálásához, a pozitív családtervezéshez és a személyre szabott terápiákhoz is hozzájárulhatnak. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2072–2077. Summary. Gorlin–Goltz syndrome, or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a rare disease that requires multidisciplinary approach in patient management. The disease is genetically heterogenous and has an extremely variable expressivity. Although the syndrome is in the focus of scientific research, our knowledge of it is still limited due to the relatively low number of recognised patients and the complexity of genotype-phenotype correlation. Several papers in this field have been published in the international and also in the Hungarian literature but most of these reports are single cases or small case series of families and outline general information about the disease. Authors aimed to review the literature of the syndrome and to report the genetic background and its role in the diagnosis and treatment. A review of the English and Hungarian literature was performed. The full genetic background of the syndrome is not yet discovered. Increasing the awareness of the syndrome, collecting and thoroughly analysing the medical records and performing genetic tests on the patients may lead to the better understanding of the disease; they may also help early diagnosis and treatment, positive family planning and may establish personalized medicine. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2072–2077.

The rational design of mixed micellar systems has emerged as a cornerstone of modern nanomedicine, offering unprecedented control over the solubility and bioavailability of challenging therapeutic agents. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical principles governing the assembly of amphiphilic drugs and surfactants into synergistic nanostructures. By articulating the transition from traditional guest/host solubilization to “drug-as-component” models, we highlight the critical role of molecular interactions in achieving therapeutic precision. It further outlines the experimental methodologies used to investigate these systems and elucidates how they enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Special emphasis is placed on the practical applications of synergy in reducing systemic toxicity and optimizing drug release kinetics, providing a roadmap for the development of next-generation nano-pharmaceuticals. The functionality of these systems is significantly influenced by the molecular interactions among their constituents; thus, quantitative analysis of these interactions might enhance the formulation of more effective pharmaceuticals. This review outlines the key physicochemical principles of mixed micelle formation, including thermodynamics and synergistic interactions of amphiphiles, while emphasizing their relevance in current research and practical pharmaceutical applications. Various experimental methods, such as surface tension measurement, conductometric and calorimetric tests, and spectroscopic techniques, are compared in terms of their conditions of application and performance in understanding micelle formation and micelle structure. We clearly point out that the interpretation and evaluation of the properties of colloidal systems containing drug molecules solubilized by mixed micelles and an amphiphilic drug incorporated into micelles must be discussed and evaluated separately. Understanding the limitations and characteristics of the physical/chemical principles applied is essential for the rational design of mixed micelle carriers tailored to specific therapeutic needs.