Information and communication technology (ICT) is substantially beneficial for rural entrepreneurship. A better understanding of factors contributing to ICT adoption is needed for wide promotion, yet it remains underexplored This study investigated the factors affecting ICT adoption intention. From the technology, individuals, and environment dimensions, an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) was proposed, and data from 327 rural entrepreneurs and the method of SEM were used to test the hypotheses. The moderating effect of multi-group on each path was discussed, including online and offline organizations and entrepreneurs with and without previous experience. Results show that, except for core variables in the TAM, social influence and relative advantage positively influence ICT adoption intention directly and indirectly. Increasing the relative advantage of ICT among enterprises with offline businesses can significantly improve their ICT adoption intention. For entrepreneurs without previous experience, perceived ease of use significantly and positively affects attitudes toward ICT adoption.

“Small, scattered and weak”, i.e., small-scale arable land holdings, decentralized operation, and weak effectiveness are common agricultural development problems that most developing countries face. Promoting the moderate-scale operation and modernization development of agriculture under the premise of protecting social stability is a complex and systemic process. In the evolution of China’s agricultural business model and land system reform, the Land Shareholding Cooperative System (LSCS) emerged. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between rural land institution innovation and agricultural economic development. We found great potential in this approach in solving the dilemma of “small, scattered, weak” in agricultural development, while protecting farmers’ land property rights. We described the cases of Tangyue, Zhouchong, and Chongzhou in rural China through the research method to illustrate how this occurred. This approach takes full advantage of the combination of “cooperative” and “shareholding” while alleviating the incompatibility of the historical allocation of arable land with urbanization and agricultural development. Balancing the development of factor markets and protecting the welfare of members contributes to its effective implementation. This study provides valuable examples of agricultural development in similar areas and countries.

Wind power is widely used and creates value worldwide. However, it also poses a threat to the survival of soaring birds. This study focuses on the role of government restrictions in mitigating the adverse effects of wind power on soaring birds. We used an overall research method to identify research questions, selected typical wind farms from different provinces and topographic landscapes in China for descriptive analysis, and supported by data from environmental impact reports, government gazettes, and walk-through surveys, analyzed and concluded that government restrictions can be used as a means of weakening the impacts of wind power generation on soaring birds. And our findings suggest that site control for wind farms that have not yet been established, restrictions on the timing of power generation for wind farms in operation, and ecological restoration of wind farms that have caused environmental damage are effective implementation options for government restrictions. Additionally, the policy strengths of the above government restrictions are guided, recommended, and mandatory, respectively. Government restrictions can serve as an effective means of mitigating the negative impact of wind power on soaring birds, generating economic value while maximizing the protection of soaring birds’ subsistence. Based on our findings, we call on governments to pay attention to the negative impacts of wind farms on soaring birds and put forward three concrete and feasible recommendations, expecting countries to enact governmental constraints to find a balance between economic, social, and ecological benefits.

Since the 21st century, China has actively responded to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, growing regional disparities and imbalances across goals call for a systematic assessment of their evolution and underlying mechanisms. Using panel data for 31 provincial-level regions from 2000 to 2021, this study constructs a comprehensive indicator system covering all 17 SDGs and develops an integrated economic-social-ecological analytical framework combined with a coupling coordination model to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics and systemic interactions of sustainable development in China. The results show that: (1) China's overall SDG performance has steadily improved, with the national average score increasing from 0.39 to 0.50, though it remains far from a high-level convergence stage; (2) significant spatial disparities persist, characterized by an "east-west gradient," with interregional differences constituting the primary source of overall inequality; (3) substantial imbalance exists across goal dimensions, as economic and social goals have progressed more rapidly, while ecological goals lag behind and exhibit higher volatility, emerging as the key constraint on system-wide coordination; and (4) the economic-social-ecological system exhibits a "high-coupling, low-coordination" pattern, with improvements in coupling coordination driven mainly by gains in coordination rather than coupling strength, indicating that the principal challenge lies in imbalanced subsystem development rather than weak inter-system linkages. Based on these findings, this study suggests shifting from uniform policy approaches to regionspecific and tiered governance strategies, strengthening constraint-oriented ecological governance, and promoting balanced, multi-dimensional development through institutional integration and regional coordination. The results provide empirical evidence for optimizing China's sustainable development pathway and offer broader implications for developing countries seeking to achieve coordinated progress across multiple development goals.

Since the 21st century, China has actively responded to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, growing regional disparities and imbalances across goals call for a systematic assessment of their evolution and underlying mechanisms. Using panel data for 31 provincial-level regions from 2000 to 2021, this study constructs a comprehensive indicator system covering all 17 SDGs and develops an integrated economic-social-ecological analytical framework combined with a coupling coordination model to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics and systemic interactions of sustainable development in China. The results show that: (1) China’s overall SDG performance has steadily improved, with the national average score increasing from 0.39 to 0.50, though it remains far from a high-level convergence stage; (2) significant spatial disparities persist, characterized by an “east – west gradient,” with interregional differences constituting the primary source of overall inequality; (3) substantial imbalance exists across goal dimensions, as economic and social goals have progressed more rapidly, while ecological goals lag behind and exhibit higher volatility, emerging as the key constraint on system-wide coordination; and (4) the economic-social-ecological system exhibits a “high-coupling, low-coordination” pattern, with improvements in coupling coordination driven mainly by gains in coordination rather than coupling strength, indicating that the principal challenge lies in imbalanced subsystem development rather than weak inter-system linkages. Based on these findings, this study suggests shifting from uniform policy approaches to region-specific and tiered governance strategies, strengthening constraint-oriented ecological governance, and promoting balanced, multi-dimensional development through institutional integration and regional coordination. The results provide empirical evidence for optimizing China’s sustainable development pathway and offer broader implications for developing countries seeking to achieve coordinated progress across multiple development goals.