Linking knowledge with action for effective societal responses to persistent problems of unsustainability requires transformed, more open knowledge systems. Drawing on a broad range of academic and practitioner experience, we outline a vision for the coordination and organization of knowledge systems that are better suited to the complex challenges of sustainability than the ones currently in place. This transformation includes inter alia: societal agenda setting, collective problem framing, a plurality of perspectives, integrative research processes, new norms for handling dissent and controversy, better treatment of uncertainty and of diversity of values, extended peer review, broader and more transparent metrics for evaluation, effective dialog processes, and stakeholder participation. We set out institutional and individual roadmaps for achieving this vision, calling for well-designed, properly resourced, longitudinal, international learning programs

The infrared optical activity arising entirely from molecular vibrational transitions is estimated by a coupled oscillator model for dimerlike molecules of high symmetry, such as diketopiperazines. Information on molecular geometry and experimental measurements of the absorption intensities of the monomer normal modes are sufficient to evaluate the rotational strengths. It is shown that rotational strengths of vibrational modes can be as large as ${10}^{\text{−42}}\hspace{0.17em}{\mathrm{esu}}^2·{\mathrm{cm}}^2{\text{\hspace{0.17em}(10}}^{\text{−4}}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{D}{·}_{{\mu }_B})$ .