Heat transfer is a vital fact of daily life, engineering, and industrial mechanisms such as cryogenic systems, spaceborne thermal radiometers, electronic cooling, aircraft engine cooling, aircraft environmental control systems, etc. The addition of nanoparticles helps to stabilize the flowing of a nanofluid and keeps the symmetry of the flowing structure. Purpose: In this attempt, the effect of endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions accompanied by activation energy on a ternary hybrid nanofluid with the geometry of a wedge is taken into consideration. The mathematical form of PDEs is obtained by Navier–Stokes equations, the second law of thermodynamics, and Fick’s second law of diffusion. The geometric model is therefore described using a symmetry technique. Formulation: The MATLAB built-in Lobatto III A structure is utilized to find the computational solution of the dimensionless ODEs. All computational outcomes are presented by graphs and statistical graphs in order to check the performance of various dimensionless quantities against drag force factor and Nusselt quantity. Finding: the addition of tri-hybridizing nanomolecules in the standard liquid improves the thermic performance of the liquid much better in comparison to simple hybrid nanofluids. Wedge angle parameter $\alpha$ brings about a decrement in fluid velocity and augmentation in thermal conductivity $ϵ$, thermal radiation $Rd$, thermophoresis parameter $Nt$ and endothermic/exothermic reaction $\Omega$, and fitted rate constant $n$ accelerates the heat transmission rate. Novelty: The effect of tri-hybridizing nanomolecules along with endothermic/exothermic reactions on the fluid past a wedge have not been investigated before in the available literature.

Studying the combination of convection and chemical processes in blood flow can have significant applications like understanding physiological processes, drug delivery, biomedical devices, and cardiovascular diseases, and implications for various fields can lead to developing new treatments, devices, and models. This research paper investigates the combined effect of convection, heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical processes, and shear rate on the flow behavior of a ternary hybrid Carreau bio-nanofluid passing through a stenosed artery. The ternary hybrid Carreau bio-nanofluid consists of three different types of nanoparticles dispersed in a Carreau fluid model, miming the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. This assumed study generates a system of PDEs that are processed with similarity transformation and converted into ODEs. Furthermore, these ODEs are solved with bvp4c. The results show that the convection, heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical processes, and shear rate significantly impact the bio-nano fluid’s flow behavior and the stenosed artery’s heat transfer characteristics.

Cross nanofluid possesses an extraordinary quality among the various fluidic models to explore the key characteristics of flowing fluid during very low and very high shear rates and its viscosity models depend upon shear rate. The current study establishes the numerical treatment regarding variable viscosity-based mixed convective inclined magnetized Cross nanofluid with varying thermal conductivities over the moving permeable surface. Along with variable thermal conductivities, we considered thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and the Brownian motion effect. An inclined magnetic field was launched for velocity scrutiny and the heat transfer fact was numerically seen by mixed convective conditions. Similarity variables were actioned on generated PDEs of the physical model and conversion was performed into ODEs. Numerical results showed that the frictional force and Nusselt quantity considerably influence the skinning heat transfer processes over the geometry of a moving permeable surface. Furthermore, less velocity was noticed for the greater suction parameter and the Brownian motion parameter corresponds to lower mass transport.

The current investigation explains the chemical reaction and bioconvection process for an inclined magnetized Cross nanofluid over an inclined cylinder using a spectral relaxation approach. Additionally, the facts concerning swimming gyrotactic microorganisms, non-uniform thermal conductivity, and variable decrease or increase in heat sources are taken together. Each profile is checked for inclined and orthogonal magnetic impact. Appropriate transformations made for conversion of nonlinear PDEs into systems of ODEs. For obtaining numerical results, a spectral relaxation approach is utilized, and graphs are plotted with each physical parameter attached. It is well established that the temperature field intensifies owing to an amplification of thermal conduction and Brownian diffusivity phenomena. The heat transfer rate amplifies owing to a magnification in magnetic parameter and thermal conductivity, but the velocity field diminishes as a result of magnification in the Weissenberg number and power law index. Amplification in the reaction rate constant parameter diminishes the concentration field. Activation energy is the key factor responsible for magnification in the concentration field. Furthermore, smooth agreement is found during comparison with the existing literature. Statistical analysis is also conducted for physical quantities.