This study developed a satellite, reanalysis, and gauge data merging model for daily-scale analysis using a random forest algorithm in Sichuan province, characterized by complex terrain. A high-precision daily precipitation merging dataset (MSMP) with a spatial resolution of 0.1° was successfully generated. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the MSMP dataset using various indices across different periods and regions, the following findings were obtained: (1) GPM-IMERG satellite observation data exhibited the highest performance in the region and proved suitable for inclusion as the initial background field in the merging experiment; (2) the merging experiment significantly enhanced dataset accuracy, resulting in a spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation that better aligned with gauge data; (3) topographic factors exerted certain influences on the merging test, with greater accuracy improvements observed in the plain region, while the merging test demonstrated unstable effects in higher elevated areas. The results of this study present a practical approach for merging multi-source precipitation data and provide a novel research perspective to address the challenge of constructing high-precision daily precipitation datasets in regions characterized by complex terrain and limited observational coverage.

This research investigates Southwest Vortex (SWV) events in China’s Sichuan Basin using Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) observations. We selected representative cloud systems and precipitation cases, divided into developing, mature, and dissipating stages. Detailed analysis revealed critical characteristics of precipitation cloud systems at each stage. Our findings reveal that (1) during the SWV’s developing and mature stages, a high concentration of water particles and ice crystals stimulates precipitation. In contrast, the dissipating stage is marked by fewer mixed-phase and ice particles, reducing precipitation area and intensity. (2) Near-surface precipitation in all stages is predominantly liquid, with a bright band of around 5.5 km. At the same time, stratiform precipitation is dominant in each life stage. Stratiform precipitation remains dominant throughout the life stages of the SWV, with localized convective activity evident in the developing and mature stages. (3) Mature stage particles, characterized by a configuration of 1.0–1.2 mm Dm and 31–35 dBN_W (dBN_W = 10log₁₀N_W), contribute significantly to near-surface precipitation. The Cloud Top Height (CTH) serves as an indicator of convective intensity and assists in characterizing raindrop concentration. These findings considerably enhance routine observations, advance our understanding of SWV events, and propose a novel approach for conducting refined observational experiments.