Inflammation-related parameters serve as pivotal indicators in the prognosis and management of lung cancer. This retrospective investigation aimed to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and diverse clinical variables in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. A cohort of 187 individuals undergoing elective lobectomy for lung cancer was retrospectively analyzed, spanning an 11-year data collection period. Six inflammation ratios derived from complete peripheral blood counts were assessed. Significantly elevated levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.005), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p = 0.001), Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI) (p = 0.015), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) (p = 0.004), and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) (p = 0.004) were observed in patients with advanced T stages. Significantly, elevated values (p < 0.05) of these parameters were observed in the study’s smoker patients compared to non-smokers. A statistically significant correlation was identified between the NLR parameter and tumor size (p = 0.07, r = 0.204), alongside a significant elevation in SIRI (p = 0.041) among patients experiencing postoperative complications. Inflammatory biomarkers emerge as invaluable prognostic indicators for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, offering potential utility in forecasting their prognosis.

Background and Objectives: Postoperative pancreatic fistula and post-hepatectomy liver failure remain significant complications after HPB surgery; however, superficial surgical site infection (SSI) is the most frequent wound-related complication. Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been proposed to reduce superficial contamination, yet no liver-focused quantitative synthesis exists. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic ciNPWT after hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception to 30 April 2025. Randomized and comparative observational studies that compared ciNPWT with conventional dressings after elective liver transplantation, hepatectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, and liver resections were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB-2/ROBINS-I). A random-effects Mantel–Haenszel model generated pooled risk ratios (RRs) for superficial SSI; secondary outcomes were reported descriptively. Results: Twelve studies (seven RCTs, five cohorts) encompassing 15,212 patients (3561 ciNPWT; 11,651 control) met the inclusion criteria. Device application lasted three to seven days in all trials. The pooled analysis demonstrated a 29% relative reduction in superficial SSI with ciNPWT (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63–0.79; p < 0.001) with negligible heterogeneity (I² 0%). Absolute risk reduction ranged from 0% to 13%, correlating positively with the baseline control-group SSI rate. Deep/organ-space SSI (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79–1.09) and 90-day mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69–1.28) were unaffected. Seven studies documented a 1- to 3-day shorter median length of stay; only two reached statistical significance. Device-related adverse events were rare (one seroma, no skin necrosis). Conclusions: Prophylactic ciNPWT safely reduces superficial SSI after high-risk HPB surgery, with the greatest absolute benefit when baseline SSI risk exceeds ≈10%. Its influence on deep infection and mortality is negligible.

Background: Systemic inflammatory indices are increasingly used to predict prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet direct comparisons between colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) remain limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study including 296 patients (148 with CC and 148 with RC) surgically treated between January 2018 and December 2024. Patients were matched by tumor stage, sex, and age (±3 years). Preoperative blood samples were used to calculate several inflammatory markers, including Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (>3 vs. ≤3), surgical context (elective vs. emergency), and tumor stage (T1–T2 vs. T3–T4). Results: Colon cancer patients exhibited significantly higher levels of systemic inflammation compared to those with rectal cancer, with notable differences in NLR (3.99 vs. 2.84, p < 0.001), PLR (219.8 vs. 163.3, p < 0.001), SIRI (3.7 vs. 1.91, p = 0.004), SII (1533.8 vs. 847.8, p < 0.001), and AISI (1714.7 vs. 593.6, p = 0.009). These differences remained statistically significant in key subgroups. In elective surgeries, CC patients had elevated PLR (p < 0.001), SIRI (p = 0.003), SII (p < 0.001), and AISI (p = 0.013). Among patients with advanced tumors (T3–T4), CC was associated with higher SII (p < 0.001), AISI (p = 0.008), PLR (p < 0.001), and SIRI (p = 0.004). For those with a Charlson index > 3, CC patients showed significantly higher PLR (p < 0.001), NLR (p < 0.001) and SIRI (p = 0.001). Conclusions: colon cancer presents with a markedly stronger systemic inflammatory response than rectal cancer, particularly in patients with advanced disease, elective surgical treatment, and higher comorbidity burden. These findings suggest that indices such as SIRI, SII, and PLR may serve as valuable stratification tools beyond tumor location in CRC.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical treatment of lung cancer patients. Data from patients who underwent surgery during the pandemic were analyzed and compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Multiple parameters were examined, and their changes yielded significant results compared to other periods of the study. The statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of surgical interventions during the pandemic (p < 0.001), followed by a significant rebound thereafter. During this period, there was a significant increase in the T stage of cancer compared to both pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods (p = 0.027). Additionally, the mean Charlson comorbidity index score was significantly higher during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (p = 0.042). In this crisis period, a significant decrease was recorded in both the total hospitalization duration (p = 0.015) and the pre-operative hospitalization duration (p = 0.006). These findings provide evidence of significant changes in clinical and therapeutic strategies applied to lung cancer surgery patients during the study period. The pandemic has had a substantial and complex impact, the full extent of which remains to be fully understood.

Background and Objectives: Anlotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis and tumor proliferation pathways, has shown promising efficacy in various cancers. Its role in treating thyroid cancer, particularly radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), is of significant clinical interest. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anlotinib in patients with thyroid cancer, analyzing outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rates, and adverse events. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to October 2023. The review included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies assessing Anlotinib in thyroid cancer patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Six studies involving a total of 277 patients were included. In patients with RAIR-DTC, Anlotinib demonstrated significant improvement in median PFS and objective response rates. In advanced or metastatic MTC, Anlotinib significantly prolonged median PFS compared to placebo, with high objective response rates. Subgroup analyses showed that older patients and those with bone metastases benefited significantly from Anlotinib treatment. In patients with ATC, Anlotinib-based chemotherapy yielded a 60% objective response rate. Anlotinib was also effective as neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer, achieving an objective response rate of 76.9%. Common adverse events included hypertension, proteinuria, and palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, which were generally manageable. Conclusions: Anlotinib appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with various types of thyroid cancer, providing significant improvements in PFS and objective response rates. Further large-scale randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to explore long-term outcomes.

Background and Objectives: Early ambulation and timely detection of postoperative complications are cornerstones of colorectal Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programmes, yet the traditional bedside checks performed every 4–8 h may miss clinically relevant deterioration. The consumer wearables boom has spawned a new generation of wrist- or waistband-mounted sensors that stream step count, heart-rate and temperature data continuously, creating an opportunity for data-driven early-warning strategies. No previous systematic review has focused exclusively on colorectal surgery. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) were searched (inception—1 May 2025) for prospective or retrospective studies that used a consumer-grade or medical-grade wearable to collect objective physical-activity or vital-sign data during the peri-operative period of elective colorectal resection. Primary outcomes were postoperative complication rates, length-of-stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission. Two reviewers screened records, extracted data and performed risk-of-bias appraisals with ROBINS-I or RoB 2. Narrative synthesis was adopted because of the heterogeneity in devices, recording windows and outcome definitions. Results: Nine studies (n = 778 patients) met eligibility: one randomised controlled trial (RCT), seven prospective cohort studies and one retrospective analysis. Five studies relied on step-count metrics alone; four combined step-count with heart-rate or skin-temperature streams. Median wear time was 6 d (range 2–30). Higher day-1 step count (≥1000 steps) was associated with shorter LOS (odds ratio 0.63; 95% CI 0.45–0.84). Smart-band–augmented ERAS pathways shortened protocol-defined LOS by 1.1 d. Pre-operative inactivity (<5000 steps·day⁻¹) and low “return-to-baseline” activity on the day before discharge independently predicted any complication (OR 0.39) and 30-day readmission (OR 0.60 per 10% increment). A prospective 101-patient study that paired pedometer-recorded ambulation with daily lung-ultrasound scores found fewer pulmonary complications when patients walked further (Spearman r = –0.36, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Continuous, patient-worn sensors are feasible and yield clinically meaningful data after colorectal surgery. Early postoperative step-count trajectories and activity-derived recovery indices correlate with LOS, complications and readmission, supporting their incorporation into digital ERAS dashboards. Standardised outcome definitions, open algorithms for signal processing and multicentre validation are now required.