Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in men after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published in years 2000–2019. We included randomized controlled trials in English which compare clinic-based vs home-based PFMT, preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs unsupervised PFMT, and PFMT alone vs no treatment at all. Results: Eight articles were included in the final review. There was a total of 1078 patients aged 45–75 in all study groups. The study participants received radical retropubic prostatectomy or radical prostatectomy. Included studies assessed the following interventions: preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs home-based PFMT, unsupervised PFMT vs no treatment at all, and PFMT combined with resistance and flexibility exercises vs PFMT alone. Conclusion: PFMT is an effective treatment for urinary incontinence in men after radical prostatectomy. PFMT improves not only physical parameters but also the quality of life of men after RP.

On the basis of the modern literature data we analyzed the influence of the level of salt concentration and ion composition in a fish habitat during the processes of reproduction. The results of studies of the mechanisms of the reaction of fish to gamete hypo- and hyperosmotic stimulus in the external aqueous environment, as well as the role of mineral and organic osmolytes in the adaptation of mature eggs of fishes in the external environment, depend on the hydrochemical and hydrological conditions of the spawning grounds. The paper provides information about the features of the endocrine regulation of oocyte maturation in fish spawning in different hydrological conditions and the importance of humoral factors in the pathological process of the maturation of fish oocytes. The main scientific and practical aspects of the formation of the phys mechanisms that regulate the water-salt balance is the early ontogeny of fishes are discussed.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify and critically evaluate literature regarding the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) in the treatment of female patients with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: An analysis was carried out using the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library (data published between 2008 and 2023). Searches of the above databases were conducted in April 2023. Only randomized clinical studies (RCTs) in English studies were eligible for the study. Randomized controlled trials were included in the review and evaluated with the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these, two studies examined the use of ExMI and PMFT (pelvic floor muscle training) and three studies compared active ExMI versus sham ExMI. Four studies evaluated solely ExMI, and moreover, there was no control group in two of these studies. One study compared the effects of Kegel exercises with ExMI, while another study compared electrostimulation with ExMI. The reviewed studies exhibited significant differences in interventions, populations, and outcome measures. Conclusions: Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation has shown promise as an effective treatment for female urinary incontinence. Whether used alone or as a component of combination therapy, ExMI has the potential to enhance patients’ quality of life (QoL) without significant safety concerns.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with uncontrolled urine leakage and is treated as a serious disability that prevents the fulfillment of life roles and negatively affects quality of life. Many women do not have knowledge about the nature of UI and treatment options, and the embarrassing nature of the disease makes it difficult to seek specialist care. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life among women with UI and how it affects various areas of their daily functioning. Defining factors that modify the impact of UI on quality of life can provide prognostic information about functional limitations, which will facilitate the rapid implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures. Methods: This study included 158 women with UI. Patients were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (RUIS), King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress (Mini-COPY), and Set of Scales for Self-Assessment of the relationship with a partner. Results: Based on the analyses, it was determined that women with MUI experienced a lower quality of life, greater limitations in daily activities, and greater physical limitations compared to women with UUI and SUI. There was a correlation between the severity of UI, the duration of the disease, the level of acceptance of the disease, the education level of the subjects, and quality of life in all areas of functioning. Conclusions: Numerous functional limitations and reduced quality of life have been observed among patients with UI. As part of UI management in clinical practice, it seems reasonable to include measures aimed at identifying patients who are likely to experience more severe consequences of UI so that they can receive targeted care.

Background/Objectives: Among women with a history of cesarean section (CS), scar abnormalities are observed in 20–32% of cases. The presence of a scar in the lower abdomen may cause pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and postural dysfunction. The aim of the study was to conduct a feasibility study and secondary exploratory analysis of the factors determining scar stiffness and elasticity in women after CS. Methods: The study involved 30 women aged 26 to 45 who had undergone at least one CS no earlier than six months before the start of the study. The following feasibility endpoints were analyzed: recruitment rate, completion rate, protocol deviations, and device usability. Myotonometry was performed to quantify the stiffness and decrement (a parameter that inversely reflects tissue elasticity) of the CS scar. The correlation between stiffness and decrement and age, BMI, time since the las CS, and the number of CSs was assessed. Results: All predefined feasibility criteria were met. Recruitment exceeded the target rate (3.3 participants/week), with a high completion rate (90%). One minor protocol deviation occurred without impact on safety or data integrity. The MyotonPro device showed good usability, with no reported discomfort and successful completion of all measurements. Secondary exploratory correlation analyses suggested a tendency toward a negative correlation between BMI and the stiffness and decrement (indicating increased elasticity) across most scar regions. No consistent correlations were observed between age and the examined scar parameters. Exploratory analyses further indicated a probable positive correlation between time elapsed since the last CS and stiffness and decrement (indicating reduced elasticity), which was observed only in the central region of the scar. The number of cesarean section procedures showed sporadic, region-specific correlations with scar parameters, limited to selected measurement points. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the study design is feasible and acceptable. Future research protocols should also include a comparison with healthy skin in the scar area. Preliminary exploratory analyses suggest a potential influence of BMI and time since last CS on scar stiffness and elasticity. However, due to the limitations of the pilot study, these observations should be considered preliminary and hypothesis-generating and may be used to design future confirmatory studies.

Introduction The human speech apparatus is a complex system that relies on the cooperation of the respiratory, phonatory, articulatory and resonatory systems. Its proper functioning depends not only on physical condition patient, but also on mental state - particularly the level of tension and stress. In disorders such as tension dysphonia, stuttering, vocal overload or articulation difficulties, telaxation techniques have proven to be effective therapeutic interventions. Objective The aim of this article is to present knowledge about relaxation technigues that promote speech relaxation. These methods include progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, laryngeal massage, biofeedback and mindfulness used in speech therapy and phoniatrics. A review of the literature indicates that the regular use of relaxation techniques improves phonatory quality, reduces muscular tension and may play an important role in the prevention of voice disorders. At te same time, the need for further research in this area is evident - particularly studies involving large sample sizes and the evaluation of long-term effects. Conclusions 1. Relaxation of the speech apparatus is an important element of both therapy and prevention of voice and speech disorders. 2. Research indicates that technigues such as progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, laryngeal massage, biofeedback and mindfullness provide significant benefis for patients, including: reducing muscles tension, improving phonatory stability and achieving greater comfort in everyday communication. 3. Relaxation techniques can be beneficial in the treatment of seech therapy and phoniatric disorders: tension dysphonia, stutterin, articulation difficulties and vocal overload. 4. Relaxation of the seech apparatus plays a very important role in the prevention of voice disorders, especialyy among professional voice users.