Climate change poses severe consequences, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty rates may escalate by 2050 without significant climate and development action. The health impacts are diverse, encompassing communicable and non-communicable diseases. Mozambique, a climate-vulnerable nation, has experienced significant natural disasters in the past 42 years, impacting its health system. This study aims to assess Mozambique’s health sector’s vulnerability and adaptation needs to climate change. Following a methodology proposed by the World Health Organization and the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, a six-step vulnerability and adaptation assessment was conducted to conduct the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) for Mozambique’s regions $(n=161)$. The HVI integrates historical climate, epidemiological, and socio-economic data at the district level, and was computed using exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity dimensions. The results revealed spatial patterns in exposure to climate variables, extreme weather events, and variations in sensitivity and adaptive capacity across the country. The HVI mirrored the exposure findings. Notably, high vulnerability was observed in several districts, while major urban centers displayed lower vulnerability. These findings highlight the country’s vulnerability to climate change and underscore the potential for adverse impacts on livelihoods, the economy, and human health. The study provides a foundation for developing strategies and adaptation actions.

Climate change (CC) poses severe consequences, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty rates may escalate by 2050 without significant climate and development action. The health impacts are diverse, encompassing communicable and non-communicable diseases. Mozambique, a climate-vulnerable nation, has experienced significant natural disasters in the past 42 years, impacting its health system. This study aims to assess Mozambique’s health sector vulnerability and adaptation needs to climate change. Following a methodology proposed by the World Health Organization and Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, a six-step vulnerability and adaptation assessment was conducted. The Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), integrating historical climate, epidemiological, and socio-economic data at the district level (n=162), was computed using exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity dimensions. The Results revealed spatial patterns in exposure to climate variables, extreme weather events, and variations in sensitivity and adaptive capacity across the country. The HVI mirrored the exposure findings. Notably, high vulnerability was observed in several districts, while major urban centers displayed lower vulnerability. These findings highlight the country’s vulnerability to climate change and underscore the potential for adverse impacts on livelihoods, the economy, and human health. The study provides a foundation for developing strategies and adaptation actions.

In this paper, both the product-normed linear space $P-NLS$ (product-Banach space) and product-semi-normed linear space (product-semi-Banch space) are introduced. These normed linear spaces are endowed with the first and second product inequalities, which have a lot of applications in linear algebra and differential equations. In addition, we showed that $P-NLS$ admits functional properties such as completeness, continuity and the fixed point.

In this paper, we introduce the different ways of proving the triangle inequality parallel to u - v parallel to <= parallel to u parallel to + parallel to v parallel to, in the Hilbert space. Thus, we prove this triangle inequality through the binomial inequality and also, prove it through the Euclidean norm. The first generalized procedure for proving the triangle inequality is feasible for any even positive integer n. The second alternative proof of the triangle inequality establishes the Euclidean norm of any two vectors in the Hilbert space.

In this paper, xyzw model is introduced which characterizes the solid waste generated by the four departments in the university. Thus, the refuse on the street x, in the gutters y, in the dustbins z and dumpsite w. From the qualitative analysis of xyzw model, it revealed that the refuse in these departments piles up as the time increases indefinitely. Based on the analysis of data from the KNUST campus the refuse keeps on piling up. This reveals that the trucks are not able to adequately carry refuse from three departments: street, gutters and dustbins to the dumpsite as expected by the university authority. This comes as a result of overflows from the dustbins at some vantage points in the university. In practice, the waste in gutters and on street are collected and deposit it in these dustbins (with varying volumes) everyday, but the trucks are not able to convey all the quantum of waste in these dustbins to the dumpsite thereby resulting in refuse pile up on campus of the university

Hearing loss is known to be a worldwide common problem caused by noise, aging, disease, and heredity. The aim of this study was to investigate how hearing thresholds evolve over time and how this evolution depends on age. Hearing thresholds were measured on 226 subjects the at different time-points and were categorized into normal (< 25 dB), mild (25 - 40 dB), moderate (41 - 65 dB) and severe ( 66 dB). A marginal model using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were fitted to the data. From both models it was observed that older subjects tend to have more hearing loss. In addition, from GLMM, it was noticed that the rate of decrease in hearing ability is larger for an older subject. This shows that the evolution of hearing loss depend on age at entry into the study. Empirical Bayes estimates were considered in GLMM to make inference about the random effects. It can be concluded that age has an effect on hearing thresholds and on their evolution over time.