Although combinatorial testing has been widely studied and used, there are still some situations and requirements that combinatorial testing does not apply to well, such as a system under test whose test cases need to be performed contiguously. For thorough testing, the testing requirements are not only to cover all the interactions among factors but also to cover all the value sequences of every factor. Generally, systems under test always involve constraints and dependencies in or among test cases. The constraints among test cases have not been effectively specified. First, we introduce extended covering arrays that can achieve both t-way combinatorial coverage and t-wise sequence coverage, and propose a clocked computation tree logic-based formal specification method for specifying constraints. Then, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Extended covering array Generator (PEG) is elaborated. To evaluate the constructed test suites, a method for verifying the constraints’ validity is presented, and kernel functions for measuring the coverage are also introduced. Finally, the performance of the proposed PEG is evaluated using several sets of benchmark experiments for some common constraints, and the feasibility and usefulness of PEG is validated.

Among the existing technologies for hand protection, master–slave control technology has been extensively researched and applied within the field of safety engineering to mitigate the occurrence of safety incidents. However, it has been identified through research that traditional master–slave control technologies no longer meet current production and lifestyle needs, and they have even begun to pose new safety risks. To resolve the safety risks exposed by traditional master–slave control, this research fuses master–slave control technology for hands with virtual reality technology, and the design of a master–slave control system for hands based on virtual reality technology is investigated. This study aims to realize the design of a master–slave control system for virtual–physical interactions using hands that captures the position, orientation, and finger joint angles of the user’s hand in real time and synchronizes the motion of the slave interactive device with that of a virtual hand. With amplitude limiting, jitter elimination, and a complementary filtering algorithm, the original motion data collected by the designed glove are turned into a Kalman-filtering-algorithm-based driving database, which drives the synchronous interaction of the virtual hand and a mechanical hand. As for the experimental results, the output data for the roll, pitch, and yaw were in the stable ranges of −0.1° to 0.1°, −0.15° to 0.15°, and −0.15° to 0.15°, respectively, which met the accuracy requirements for the system’s operation under different conditions. More importantly, these data prove that, in terms of accuracy and denoising, the data-processing algorithm was relatively compatible with the hardware platform of the system. Based on the algorithm for the virtual–physical interaction model, the authors introduced the concept of an auxiliary hand into the research, put forward an algorithmic process and a judgement condition for the stable grasp of the virtual hand’s, and solved a model-penetrating problem while enhancing the immersive experience during virtual–physical interactions. In an interactive experiment, a dynamic accuracy test was run on the system. As shown by the experimental data and the interactive effect, the system was satisfactorily stable and interactive.

Embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT) is the core of JPEG2000.The usage of rate-distortion optimization in EBCOT provides a good foundation for the realization of region of interest (ROI) image coding.This paper analyzed the representative approach of the implicit ROI coding algorithms and proposed an improved method.By constructing a weighted function and giving reasonable weight for ROI code block,and by reducing the wavelet coefficients effect on the context region of the ROI code block while ensuring the ROI information to be encoded with high priority at the same time,the proposed method improved the quality of the reconstructed image of ROI.Experimental results showed that the reconstructed ROI image quality is significantly improved under low bit rate and that under high bit rate,the reconstructed image background quality can be improved too.