Objetivo. Describir las coberturas de vacunación en 2022 en niñas, niños y en adolescentes, así como comparar las prevalencias observadas con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 (Ensanut 2021). Material y métodos. Análisis de datos obtenidos de la Ensanut 2022. Resultados. En los niños menores de cinco años, las coberturas de vacuna con Bacilo de Calmette y Guérin (BCG), hepatitis B, pentavalente o hexavalente, neumocócica, antirotavirus y triple viral (SRP) fueron de 78.5% (IC95%: 70.8,84.6), 65.1% (IC95%: 58.4,71.2), 69.0% (IC95%: 61.8,75.4), 88.0% (IC95%: 83.0,91.7), 81.6% (IC95%: 75.7,86.2) y 61.8% (IC95%: 55.6,67.6), respectivamente. Al primer y segundo año de vida, 42.6% (IC95%: 34.3,51.4) y 26.6% (IC95%: 22.1,31.5) habían recibido el esquema correspondiente. Se redujo la cobertura estimada para primera dosis de SRP 72.6% (IC95%: 67.5,77.1) vs. 61.8% (IC95%: 55.6,67.5). En adolescentes, el antecedente de vacunación contra VPH, hepatitis B, tétanos y doble viral (SR) lo refirieron en 43.7% (IC95%: 39.9,47.6), 31.8% (IC95%: 29.8,34.0), 38.5% (IC95%: 35.9,41.2) y 32.6% (IC95%: 30.15,35.1). Conclusión. No se alcanza la meta de cobertura de 90% para ningún inmunógeno investigado. La cobertura para primera dosis de SRP se ha reducido.

Objetivo. Evaluar la cobertura de vacunación en menores de siete años. Material y métodos. Estudio basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. Resultados. La cobertura de esquema completo en los niños menores de un año fue de 51.7% [rango: de 67.6%, para la vacuna pentavalente (PV), a 93.9%, para la vacuna Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)]; en los de 12-23 meses fue de 53.9% [rango: de 68.5%, para la vacuna triple viral (SRP), a 98.3%, para la BCG], y en los de 24-35 meses, de 63.2% [rango: de 85.3%, para la vacuna contra neumococo, a 98.6%, para la BCG]. En niños de seis años, la cobertura de una dosis de SRP fue de 97.8%, y para dos dosis, de 50.7%. Sólo 2.2% de los niños de seis años no estaban vacunados. Las variables asociadas con esquema incompleto fueron edad de 2-5 meses, madre menor de 20 años o hablante de lengua indígena. Conclusiones. Debe mejorarse el reclutamiento de recién nacidos al programa de vacunación, así como su seguimiento, hasta completar el esquema, aprovechando los contactos con los servicios de salud para vacunarlos.

Treatment of persons with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at greatest risk of reactivation is an important component of TB control and elimination strategies. Biomarkers evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of latent TB infection have not yet been identified. This information would enhance control efforts and assist the evaluation of new treatment regimes.We designed a two-group, two-arm, randomised clinical study of tuberculin skin test-positive participants: 26 with documented contact with TB patients and 34 with non-documented contact. Participants in each group were randomly assigned to the immediate- or deferred-isoniazid treatment arms. Assays ofin vitrointerferon (IFN)-γ secretion in response to recombinant Rv1737 and overlapping synthetic peptide pools from various groups of immunodominant proteins were performed.During isoniazid therapy, a significant increase from baseline in the proportion of IFN-γ responders to the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein, Rv2031, Rv0849, Rv1986, Rv2659c, Rv2693c and the recombinant Rv1737 protein was observed (p⩽0.05). The peptide pool of Rv0849 and Rv1737 recombinant proteins induced the highest percentage of IFN-γ responders after isoniazid therapy.Thein vitroIFN-γ responses to these proteins might represent useful markers to evaluate changes associated with treatment of latent TB infection.

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is a primary tool for controlling the pandemic. However, the spread of vaccine hesitancy constitutes a significant threat to reverse progress in preventing the disease. Studies conducted in Mexico have revealed that vaccination intention in Mexico among the general population ranges from 62 to 82%. Objective: To know the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among academics, students, and administrative personnel of a public university in Mexico City. Methods: We administered an online survey investigating sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and acceptance/hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Using generalized linear Poisson models, we analyzed factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, defined as not intending to be vaccinated within the following six months or refusing vaccination. Results: During May and June 2021, we studied 840 people, prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 6%. Hesitancy was significantly associated with fear of adverse effects, distrust of physician’s recommendations, lack of knowledge regarding handwashing, age younger than 40 years, refusal to use face masks, and not having received influenza vaccination during the two previous seasons. Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy in this population is low. Furthermore, our results allowed us the identification of characteristics that can improve vaccine promotion.

Measles continues to be one of the leading causes of child mortality worldwide, even though a highly effective vaccine has existed for more than 40 years. We aimed to describe the seroprevalence of measles antibodies in Mexico in 2012 and the risk factors associated with susceptibility. A total of 7,785 serum samples were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico. This national survey is representative of the general population, including noninstitutionalized adult, adolescent, and child populations. Antibody titers were classified into protective (> 120 mIU/mL) or susceptible (≤ 120 mIU/mL) levels. The weighted seroprevalence and susceptibility of the overall population were 99.37% (95% CI 99.07–99.58) and 0.63% (95% CI 0.42–0.93), respectively. Among 1-to-4-year-old children, 2.18% (95% CI 1.36–3.48) were susceptible to measles. Among adolescents and young adults, the prevalence of susceptibility was as follows: those 15–19 years of age had a prevalence of 0.22% (95% CI 0.09–0.57), and those 30–39 years of age had a prevalence of 1.17% (95% CI 0.47–2.85). Susceptibility was associated with young age, living in Mexico City, living in crowded households and unknown or nonvaccinated status among 1- to 5-year-old children. Although the overall sample population seroprevalence for measles is above 95%, increased susceptibility among younger children signals the importance of the timely administration of the first vaccine dose at 12 months of age. Furthermore, increased susceptibility among specific subgroups indicates the need to reinforce current vaccination policies, including the immunization of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals from 10 to 39 years of age.

Objetivo. Comparar la cobertura de vacunación y sus factores asociados en niñas y niños (NN) menores de cinco años en México, según datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) Continua 2021-2023 y Ensanut 2012. Material y métodos. Se estimó la prevalencia del estado de vacunación de NN menores de cinco años a partir de datos registrados en la Cartilla Nacional de Salud, Cartilla Nacional de Vacunación o documento probatorio, obtenidos de la Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 y Ensanut 2012. Se contaron como dosis válidas para medir cobertura, las que cumplían con las recomendaciones de intervalos de tiempo entre dosis, edad mínima y máxima de aplicación dada por el Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y Adolescencia. Resultados. En 2021-2023, las coberturas de vacunación en NN menores de cinco años con BCG, hepatitis B y polio/DPT, antineumocócica, antirotavirus y triple viral fueron de 86.5, 63.7, 68.9, 86.6, 81.3 y 71.3%, respectivamente. Al primer y segundo año, 45.6 y 32.4% de NN habían recibido el esquema completo correspondiente. De 2012 a 2021-2023 disminuyeron las coberturas de vacunación con BCG, hepatitis B y polio/DPT, y aumentaron las de neumococo y rotavirus. Conclusión. En 2021-2023 no se alcanzó la meta de cobertura de vacunación (95%) para ninguna vacuna investigada.