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Adnan Shahid
IDLab, Ghent University–imec, Ghent, Belgium

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Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in IEEE Access
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In the past few years, machine learning (ML) techniques have been extensively applied to provide efficient solutions to complex wireless network problems. As such, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Q-learning based ML techniques are most popular to achieve harmonized coexistence of Wi-Fi with other co-located technologies such as LTE. In the existing coexistence schemes, a co-located technology selects its transmission time based on the level of Wi-Fi traffic generated in its collision domain which is determined by either sniffing the Wi-Fi packets or using a central coordinator that can communicate with the co-located networks to exchange their status and requirements through a collaboration protocol. However, such approaches for sensing traffic status increase cost, complexity, traffic overhead, and reaction time of the coexistence schemes. As a solution to this problem, this work applies a ML-based approach that is capable to determine the saturation status of a Wi-Fi network based on real-time and over-the-air collection of medium occupation statistics about the Wi-Fi frames without the need for decoding. In particular, inter-frame spacing statistics of Wi-Fi frames are used to develop a CNN model that can determine Wi-Fi network saturation. The results demonstrate that the proposed ML-based approach can accurately classify whether a Wi-Fi network is saturated or not.

ACS Style

Merkebu Girmay; Adnan Shahid; Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Ingrid Moerman. Machine Learning Enabled Wi-Fi Saturation Sensing for Fair Coexistence in Unlicensed Spectrum. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 42959 -42974.

AMA Style

Merkebu Girmay, Adnan Shahid, Vasilis Maglogiannis, Dries Naudts, Ingrid Moerman. Machine Learning Enabled Wi-Fi Saturation Sensing for Fair Coexistence in Unlicensed Spectrum. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():42959-42974.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Merkebu Girmay; Adnan Shahid; Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Ingrid Moerman. 2021. "Machine Learning Enabled Wi-Fi Saturation Sensing for Fair Coexistence in Unlicensed Spectrum." IEEE Access 9, no. : 42959-42974.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2020 in IEEE Access
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Indoor localization knows many applications, such as industry 4.0, warehouses, healthcare, drones, etc., where high accuracy becomes more critical than ever. Recent advances in ultra-wideband localization systems allow high accuracies for multiple active users in line-of-sight environments, while they still introduce errors above 300 mm in non-line-of-sight environments due to multi-path effects. Current work tries to improve the localization accuracy of ultra-wideband through offline error correction approaches using popular machine learning techniques. However, these techniques are still limited to simple environments with few multi-path effects and focus on offline correction. With the upcoming demand for high accuracy and low latency indoor localization systems, there is a need to deploy (online) efficient error correction techniques with fast response times in dynamic and complex environments. To address this, we propose (i) a novel semi-supervised autoencoder-based machine learning approach for improving ranging accuracy of ultra-wideband localization beyond the limitations of current improvements while aiming for performance improvements and a small memory footprint and (ii) an edge inference architecture for online UWB ranging error correction. As such, this paper allows the design of accurate localization systems by using machine learning for low-cost edge devices. Compared to a deep neural network (as state-of-the-art, with a baseline error of 75 mm) the proposed autoencoder achieves a 29% higher accuracy. The proposed approach leverages robust and accurate ultra-wideband localization, which reduces the errors from 214 mm without correction to 58 mm with correction. Validation of edge inference using the proposed autoencoder on a NVIDIA Jetson Nano demonstrates significant uplink bandwidth savings and allows up to 20 rapidly ranging anchors per edge GPU.

ACS Style

Jaron Fontaine; Matteo Ridolfi; Ben Van Herbruggen; Adnan Shahid; Eli De Poorter. Edge Inference for UWB Ranging Error Correction Using Autoencoders. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 139143 -139155.

AMA Style

Jaron Fontaine, Matteo Ridolfi, Ben Van Herbruggen, Adnan Shahid, Eli De Poorter. Edge Inference for UWB Ranging Error Correction Using Autoencoders. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):139143-139155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaron Fontaine; Matteo Ridolfi; Ben Van Herbruggen; Adnan Shahid; Eli De Poorter. 2020. "Edge Inference for UWB Ranging Error Correction Using Autoencoders." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 139143-139155.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
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In this study, an energy-efficient self-organized framework for sub-channel allocation and power allocation is presented for ultra-dense small cell networks, which can operate in both licensed and unlicensed bands. In order to protect legacy WiFi devices(operating in unlicensed bands), we consider the LTE operation in unlicensed bands based on CSAT, in which ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ dutycycle approach is utilized. On the other hand, there are severe interference management problems among small cells (operating in licensed and unlicensed bands) and between macro cells and small cells (operating in licensed bands) due to co-channel and ultra-dense deployment of small cells. This article proposes a self-organized optimization framework for the allocation of sub-channels and power levels by exploiting a non-cooperative game with the objective to maximize the energy efficiency of dual-access small cells without creating harmful impact on coexisting network entities including macro cell users, small cell users, and legacy WiFi devices. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms (6% and 11%) and (8% and 18%) the round-robin and the spectrum-efficient schemes, respectively for two different small cell scenarios. In addition, it is shown that for less CSI estimation errors $\varsigma = 0.02$ , the maximum performance degradation of the proposed scheme is reasonably small (5.5%) as compared to the perfect CSI.

ACS Style

Adnan Shahid; Vasilis Maglogiannis; Irfan Ahmed; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Ultra-Dense Licensed and Unlicensed Dual-Access Small Cell Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2019, 20, 983 -1000.

AMA Style

Adnan Shahid, Vasilis Maglogiannis, Irfan Ahmed, Kwang Soon Kim, Eli De Poorter, Ingrid Moerman. Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Ultra-Dense Licensed and Unlicensed Dual-Access Small Cell Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. 2019; 20 (3):983-1000.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan Shahid; Vasilis Maglogiannis; Irfan Ahmed; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. 2019. "Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Ultra-Dense Licensed and Unlicensed Dual-Access Small Cell Networks." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 20, no. 3: 983-1000.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2018 in Sensors
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Mesh networks enable a many-to-many relation between nodes, which means that each node in the network can communicate with every other node using multi-hop communication and path diversity. As it enables the fast roll-out of sensor and actuator networks, it is an important aspect within the Internet of Things (IoT). Utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an underlying technology to implement such mesh networks has gained a lot of interest in recent years. The result was a variety of BLE meshing solutions that were not interoperable because of the lack of a common standard. This has changed recently with the advent of the Bluetooth Mesh standard. However, a detailed overview of how this standard operates, performs and how it tackles other issues concerning BLE mesh networking is missing. Therefore, this paper investigates this new technology thoroughly and evaluates its performance by means of three approaches, namely an experimental evaluation, a statistical approach and a graph-based simulation model, which can be used as the basis for future research. Apart from showing that consistent results are achieved by means of all three approaches, we also identify possible drawbacks and open issues that need to be dealt with.

ACS Style

Mathias Baert; Jen Rossey; Adnan Shahid; Jeroen Hoebeke. The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation. Sensors 2018, 18, 2409 .

AMA Style

Mathias Baert, Jen Rossey, Adnan Shahid, Jeroen Hoebeke. The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation. Sensors. 2018; 18 (8):2409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mathias Baert; Jen Rossey; Adnan Shahid; Jeroen Hoebeke. 2018. "The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation." Sensors 18, no. 8: 2409.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2018 in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
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The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum regions for meeting the projected requirements. In the light of this, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has received considerable attention from the research community. Typically, in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications is realized by the hybrid transceivers which combine high dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifiers with lower-dimensional digital signal processing units. This hybrid beamforming design reduces the cost and power consumption which is aligned with an energy-efficient design vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the progress in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO communications in the context of system models of the hybrid transceivers’ structures, the digital and analog beamforming matrices with the possible antenna configuration scenarios and the hybrid beamforming in heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNET). We extend the scope of the discussion by including resource management issues in hybrid beamforming. We explore the suitability of hybrid beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till first quarter of 2017, and identify the exciting future challenges in this domain.

ACS Style

Irfan Ahmed; Hedi Khammari; Adnan Shahid; Ahmed Musa; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2018, 20, 3060 -3097.

AMA Style

Irfan Ahmed, Hedi Khammari, Adnan Shahid, Ahmed Musa, Kwang Soon Kim, Eli De Poorter, Ingrid Moerman. A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2018; 20 (4):3060-3097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irfan Ahmed; Hedi Khammari; Adnan Shahid; Ahmed Musa; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. 2018. "A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 20, no. 4: 3060-3097.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2018 in IEEE Access
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During the last years, the growth of wireless traffic pushed the wireless community to search for solutions that can assist in a more efficient management of the spectrum. Toward this direction, the operation of long term evolution (LTE) in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) has been proposed. Targeting a global solution that respects the regional regulations worldwide, 3GPP has published the LTE licensed assisted access (LAA) standard. According to LTE LAA, a listen before talk (LBT) procedure must precede any LTE transmission burst in the unlicensed spectrum. However, the proposed standard may cause coexistence issues between LTE and Wi-Fi, especially in the case that the latter does not use frame aggregation. Toward the provision of a balanced channel access, we have proposed mLTE-U that is an adaptive LTE LBT scheme. According to mLTE-U, LTE uses a variable transmission opportunity (TXOP), followed by a variable muting period. This muting period can be exploited by co-located Wi-Fi networks to gain access to the medium. In this paper, the system model of the mLTE-U scheme in coexistence with Wi-Fi is studied. In addition, mLTE-U is enhanced with a Q-learning technique that is used for autonomous selection of the appropriate combinations of TXOP and muting period that can provide fair coexistence between co-located mLTE-U and Wi-Fi networks. Simulation results showcase the performance of the proposed model and reveal the benefit of using Q-learning for self-adaptation of mLTE-U to the changes of the dynamic wireless environment, toward fair coexistence with Wi-Fi. Finally, the Q-learning mechanism is compared with conventional selection schemes showing the superior performance of the proposed model over less complex mechanisms.

ACS Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman. A Q-Learning Scheme for Fair Coexistence Between LTE and Wi-Fi in Unlicensed Spectrum. IEEE Access 2018, 6, 27278 -27293.

AMA Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis, Dries Naudts, Adnan Shahid, Ingrid Moerman. A Q-Learning Scheme for Fair Coexistence Between LTE and Wi-Fi in Unlicensed Spectrum. IEEE Access. 2018; 6 ():27278-27293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman. 2018. "A Q-Learning Scheme for Fair Coexistence Between LTE and Wi-Fi in Unlicensed Spectrum." IEEE Access 6, no. : 27278-27293.

Article
Published: 10 January 2018 in Telecommunication Systems
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The technological growth combined with the exponential increase of wireless traffic are pushing the wireless community to investigate solutions to maximally exploit the available spectrum. Among the proposed solutions, the operation of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) has attracted significant attention. Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project announced specifications that allow LTE to transmit in the unlicensed spectrum using a Listen Before Talk (LBT) procedure, respecting this way the regulator requirements worldwide. However, the proposed standards may cause coexistence issues between LTE and legacy Wi-Fi networks. In this article, it is discussed that a fair coexistence mechanism is needed to guarantee equal channel access opportunities for the co-located networks in a technology-agnostic way, taking into account potential traffic requirements. In order to enable harmonious coexistence and fair spectrum sharing among LTE-U and Wi-Fi, an adaptive LTE-U LBT scheme is presented. This scheme uses a variable LTE transmission opportunity (TXOP) followed by a variable muting period. This way, co-located Wi-Fi networks can exploit the muting period to gain access to the wireless medium. The scheme is studied and evaluated in different compelling scenarios using a simulation platform. The results show that by configuring the LTE-U with the appropriate TXOP and muting period values, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the coexistence among LTE-U and Wi-Fi in a fair manner. Finally, a preliminary algorithm is proposed on how the optimal configuration parameters can be selected towards harmonious and fair coexistence.

ACS Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman. An adaptive LTE listen-before-talk scheme towards a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi in unlicensed spectrum. Telecommunication Systems 2018, 68, 701 -721.

AMA Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis, Dries Naudts, Adnan Shahid, Ingrid Moerman. An adaptive LTE listen-before-talk scheme towards a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi in unlicensed spectrum. Telecommunication Systems. 2018; 68 (4):701-721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman. 2018. "An adaptive LTE listen-before-talk scheme towards a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi in unlicensed spectrum." Telecommunication Systems 68, no. 4: 701-721.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2017 in IEEE Access
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In this paper, we consider downlink non-orthogonal multiple access cooperative communication system. The base station (BS) serves two types of users which are named relay user (RU) and far user (FU). The BS and RU are equipped with multiple transmit antennas. The RU harvests energy from the BS transmissions to perform the relaying operation for the FU. We have considered (i) amplify-forward, (ii) decode-forward and (iii) quantize-map-forward relaying protocols at the RU. As the BS and RU have multiple antennas therefore we consider (i) beamforming and (ii) random antenna selection strategies at the BS and RU. Closed form expressions for the outage probability are provided for the aforementioned relay protocols and antenna strategies. Further, we show that for certain data rate range of the relay and FU the quantize-map-forward relaying protocol can perform better than the other two relaying protocols.

ACS Style

Mateen Ashraf; Adnan Shahid; Ju Wook Jang; Kyung-Geun Lee. Energy Harvesting Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System With Multi-Antenna Relay and Base Station. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 17660 -17670.

AMA Style

Mateen Ashraf, Adnan Shahid, Ju Wook Jang, Kyung-Geun Lee. Energy Harvesting Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System With Multi-Antenna Relay and Base Station. IEEE Access. 2017; 5 (99):17660-17670.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateen Ashraf; Adnan Shahid; Ju Wook Jang; Kyung-Geun Lee. 2017. "Energy Harvesting Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System With Multi-Antenna Relay and Base Station." IEEE Access 5, no. 99: 17660-17670.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2017 in Sensors
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Driven by the fast growth of wireless communication, the trend of sharing spectrum among heterogeneous technologies becomes increasingly dominant. Identifying concurrent technologies is an important step towards efficient spectrum sharing. However, due to the complexity of recognition algorithms and the strict condition of sampling speed, communication systems capable of recognizing signals other than their own type are extremely rare. This work proves that multi-model distribution of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is related to the signals’ modulation schemes and medium access mechanisms, and RSSI from different technologies may exhibit highly distinctive features. A distinction is made between technologies with a streaming or a non-streaming property, and appropriate feature spaces can be established either by deriving parameters such as packet duration from RSSI or directly using RSSI’s probability distribution. An experimental study shows that even RSSI acquired at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate is able to provide sufficient features to differentiate technologies such as Wi-Fi, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) and Bluetooth. The usage of the RSSI distribution-based feature space is illustrated via a sample algorithm. Experimental evaluation indicates that more than 92% accuracy is achieved with the appropriate configuration. As the analysis of RSSI distribution is straightforward and less demanding in terms of system requirements, we believe it is highly valuable for recognition of wideband technologies on constrained devices in the context of dynamic spectrum access.

ACS Style

Wei Liu; Merima Kulin; Tarik Kazaz; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman; Eli De Poorter. Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices. Sensors 2017, 17, 2081 .

AMA Style

Wei Liu, Merima Kulin, Tarik Kazaz, Adnan Shahid, Ingrid Moerman, Eli De Poorter. Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices. Sensors. 2017; 17 (9):2081.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Liu; Merima Kulin; Tarik Kazaz; Adnan Shahid; Ingrid Moerman; Eli De Poorter. 2017. "Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices." Sensors 17, no. 9: 2081.

Concept paper
Published: 31 August 2017 in Sensors
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On the road towards 5G, a proliferation of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) is expected. Sensor networks are of great importance in this new wireless era, as they allow interaction with the environment. Additionally, the establishment of the Internet of Things (IoT) has incredibly increased the number of interconnected devices and consequently the already massive wirelessly transmitted traffic. The exponential growth of wireless traffic is pushing the wireless community to investigate solutions that maximally exploit the available spectrum. Recently, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) announced standards that permit the operation of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the unlicensed spectrum in addition to the exclusive use of the licensed spectrum owned by a mobile operator. Alternatively, leading wireless technology developers examine standalone LTE operation in the unlicensed spectrum without any involvement of a mobile operator. In this article, we present a classification of different techniques that can be applied on co-located LTE and Wi-Fi networks. Up to today, Wi-Fi is the most widely-used wireless technology in the unlicensed spectrum. A review of the current state of the art further reveals the lack of cooperation schemes among co-located networks that can lead to more optimal usage of the available spectrum. This article fills this gap in the literature by conceptually describing different classes of cooperation between LTE and Wi-Fi. For each class, we provide a detailed presentation of possible cooperation techniques that can provide spectral efficiency in a fair manner.

ACS Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Spilios Giannoulis; Eric Laermans; Ingrid Moerman. Cooperation Techniques between LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum and Wi-Fi towards Fair Spectral Efficiency. Sensors 2017, 17, 1994 .

AMA Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis, Dries Naudts, Adnan Shahid, Spilios Giannoulis, Eric Laermans, Ingrid Moerman. Cooperation Techniques between LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum and Wi-Fi towards Fair Spectral Efficiency. Sensors. 2017; 17 (9):1994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Maglogiannis; Dries Naudts; Adnan Shahid; Spilios Giannoulis; Eric Laermans; Ingrid Moerman. 2017. "Cooperation Techniques between LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum and Wi-Fi towards Fair Spectral Efficiency." Sensors 17, no. 9: 1994.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2017 in IEEE Access
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Device to device (D2D) communication brings numerous benefits for future heterogeneous cellular networks. However, an energy-efficient design of such D2D communications is a critical challenge due to the cochannel deployment and limited power of users. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient self-organized cross-layer optimization scheme, which aims to maximize the D2D communication energy-efficiency without jeopardizing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of other tiers. Specifically, we model the cross-layer optimization, which includes resource block (RB) and power allocation using a noncooperative game. In the proposed scheme, each D2D transmitter user, which is a player in the game, operates in a self-organizing manner and selects the RBs and the power levels for enhancing its energy efficiency while maintaining the QoS requirements of other heterogeneous parties. Concerning the computationally intense nature of the global optimization problem, we decompose the problem into two subproblems: the RB allocation and the power allocation, and solve them iteratively in a game-theoretic manner. Simulation results demonstrate superior energy efficiency performance of the proposed scheme over conventional schemes. In addition, it is also shown via simulation that the performance of the proposed scheme degrades if the channel state information is not precisely available.

ACS Style

Adnan Shahid; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. Self-Organized Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Optimization for Device to Device Communication in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 1117 -1128.

AMA Style

Adnan Shahid, Kwang Soon Kim, Eli De Poorter, Ingrid Moerman. Self-Organized Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Optimization for Device to Device Communication in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks. IEEE Access. 2017; 5 ():1117-1128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan Shahid; Kwang Soon Kim; Eli De Poorter; Ingrid Moerman. 2017. "Self-Organized Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Optimization for Device to Device Communication in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks." IEEE Access 5, no. : 1117-1128.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2016 in IEEE Access
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Wireless energy harvesting can improve the performance of cognitive wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper considers radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from transmissions in the primary spectrum for cognitive WSNs. The overall success probability of the energy harvesting cognitive WSN depends on the transmission success probability and energy success probability. Using the tools from stochastic geometry, we show that the overall success probability can be optimized with respect to: 1) transmit power of the sensors; 2) transmit power of the primary transmitters; and 3) spatial density of the primary transmitters. In this context, an optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the overall success probability of the WSNs. Simulation results show that the overall success probability and the throughput of the WSN can be significantly improved by optimizing the aforementioned three parameters. As RF energy harvesting can also be performed indoors, hence, our solution can be directly applied to the cognitive WSNs that are installed in smart buildings.

ACS Style

Mateen Ashraf; Adnan Shahid; Ju Wook Jang; Kyung-Geun Lee. Optimization of the Overall Success Probability of the Energy Harvesting Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Access 2016, 5, 283 -294.

AMA Style

Mateen Ashraf, Adnan Shahid, Ju Wook Jang, Kyung-Geun Lee. Optimization of the Overall Success Probability of the Energy Harvesting Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Access. 2016; 5 ():283-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateen Ashraf; Adnan Shahid; Ju Wook Jang; Kyung-Geun Lee. 2016. "Optimization of the Overall Success Probability of the Energy Harvesting Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks." IEEE Access 5, no. : 283-294.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2016 in IEEE Access
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This paper presents a study on joint radio resource allocation and hybrid precoding in multi-carrier massive multiple-input multiple-output communications for 5G cellular networks. In this paper, we present the resource allocation algorithm to maximize the proportional fairness (PF) spectral efficiency under the per subchannel power and the beamforming rank constraints. Two heuristic algorithms are designed. The proportional fairness hybrid beamforming algorithm provides the transmit precoder with a proportional fair spectral efficiency among users for the desired number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. Then, we transform the number of RF chains or rank constrained optimization problem into convex semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, which can be solved by standard techniques. Inspired by the formulated convex SDP problem, a low-complexity, two-step, PF-relaxed optimization algorithm has been provided for the formulated convex optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed suboptimal solution to the relaxed optimization problem is near-optimal for the signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≤ 10 dB and has a performance gap not greater than 2.33 b/s/Hz within the SNR range 0-25 dB. It also outperforms the maximum throughput and PF-based hybrid beamforming schemes for sum spectral efficiency, individual spectral efficiency, and fairness index.

ACS Style

Irfan Ahmed; Hedi Khammari; Adnan Shahid. Resource Allocation for Transmit Hybrid Beamforming in Decoupled Millimeter Wave Multiuser-MIMO Downlink. IEEE Access 2016, 5, 170 -182.

AMA Style

Irfan Ahmed, Hedi Khammari, Adnan Shahid. Resource Allocation for Transmit Hybrid Beamforming in Decoupled Millimeter Wave Multiuser-MIMO Downlink. IEEE Access. 2016; 5 ():170-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irfan Ahmed; Hedi Khammari; Adnan Shahid. 2016. "Resource Allocation for Transmit Hybrid Beamforming in Decoupled Millimeter Wave Multiuser-MIMO Downlink." IEEE Access 5, no. : 170-182.