The current study focused on the impact of policies adopted by rentier states on tourism plans and poverty reduction from the viewpoint of Stakeholders in rural areas of Turan National Park, Iran. A qualitative face-to-face interview were undertaken of 30 respondents through snow-ball sampling technique. Due to the geographical isolation of the area and traditional ways of living, the rural people there suffer from severe poverty. In recent years, the Iranian government has made efforts to reduce poverty through the development of tourism in these areas by means of mandatory plans and government budgets. The results showed that government-supported tourism has been able to reduce poverty to some extent, and it has increased opportunities, job skills and willingness of the poor to participate. However, the centralized administrative structure of Iran is in contrast with the participation and sharing of power to all groups, including the poor. Such a structure, indeed, is keen on implementing its plans in an imperative manner.

This study sought to identify issues and challenges of pro-poor tourism (PPT) by concentrating on a tourism development program implemented in three selected villages of Shahrud County, Iran. The results indicated that the major proportion of financial and non-financial support in the tourism, employment, and poverty reduction (TEPR) program is provided for the private sector and dominant social groups. On the other hand, the poor's lifestyle and deterministic viewpoint exacerbate the condition in terms of their engagement in tourism industry. The findings also support the idea that, since the government covers all the costs of the TEPR program, it tries to dictate its policies and plans to all stakeholders.

Hotels, as one of the major tourism service providers, must offer high quality products to survive in this severely competitive environment so that they can preserve their competitive advantage dealing with other competitors. Therefore, considering the high importance of this subject, this study aims to analyze the quality of hotels supply chain in Isfahan- Iran. On this account, the literature of quality in supply chain is reviewed and seven factors affecting the supply chain are identified. Then research hypotheses are raised in accordance with the seven factors. Data was gathered using questionnaire and Partial Least Square was applied in order to analyze the data. The obtained results indicate that focus on customer, supply chain quality leadership, supply chain quality strategies, supply chain quality information and process approach results in an increase in supply chain quality; meanwhile, the two hypotheses regarding supplier quality management and human resources development of supply chain are rejected. The results of this article will be beneficial to hotels which want to increase the level of their service quality.