Ukraine is at the forefront of one of the largest outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) in Europe, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Due to the ongoing armed conflict in this area, there is a significant number of refugees from Ukraine to other European countries. The aim of the study is to emphasize the essence of the problem of the increased incidence of tuberculosis, taking into account the impact of the armed conflict in Ukraine, resulting in the intensification of migration movements. A descriptive epidemiological method was used as the research method. The material was collected by analyzing source statistical data from WHO and statistical yearbooks of selected European countries. Particularly, Ukrainian refugees in Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are at higher risk of contracting tuberculosis due to factors like migration stress, poor nutrition, and comorbidities. Epidemiological data from these countries show a rise in tuberculosis cases among foreigners, emphasizing the need for European specialists to be more vigilant in this unique situation, focusing on refugees and other vulnerable populations. More research and collaborative efforts are essential to closely monitor and prevent the severe outcomes of tuberculosis transmission.

Introduction and objective: Artificial intelligence is a relatively new field of medical sciences. Its application in medicine is described in regularly appearing publications, which often focus on the use of deep learning algorithms based on neural networks that...

Introduction and purpose Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has an unclear etiology. Genetic and environmental factors dominate among the etiologic factors. The disorder is characterized by the presence of obsessions (repetitive and persistent thoughts, images, impulses or urges) and compulsions (rituals; repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession). This disorder has less than 4% of the population. Treatment is a long and difficult process, and the best results are with SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The aim of the study was to review articles linking gut microbiota and obsessive-compulsive disorder issues. A brief description of the state of knowledge The gut microbiota-gut-brain axis perhaps has an impact on the etiology of psychiatric diseases. Its existence has been well researched in animals. Researches suggest that there possibly may be changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the gut microbiota composition may worsen the patient's condition. The use of probiotics may help improve the patient's condition and reduce symptoms of the disorder. Summary (conclusions) More research is needed to explore the potential impact of the gut microbiota on obsessive-compulsive disorder. This could perhaps lead to future applications of probiotics, e.g., in the adjunctive treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Introduction and purpose Vonoprazan is a potassium-competent acid blocker (P-CAB). It has the potential to be an alternative to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as it inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion. The mechanism of action is different than PPIs - vonoprazan reversibly inhibits gastric H+, K+-ATPase, while PPIs irreversibly. Vonoprazan is approved for use in Japan and the US. The aim of the study was to review articles on the use of vonoprazan instead of PPIs in the treatment of acid-related gastrological diseases and to present the results obtained. A brief description of the state of knowledge Vonoprazan is used in the treatment of acid-related gastrological diseases. The 20 mg dose is suitable for most diseases, such as treatment of ulcers during low-dose aspirin treatment, post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (post-ESD) ulcers, erosive esophagitis (EE) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Summary Researches suggest that the drug is an alternative for PPIs and can be used instead of them. The main advantage of this drug over PPIs is that it works faster, more potent and long-lasting. Studies suggest that vonoprazan can be use to treatment of the acid-related diseases and may be a better choice than PPIs. Vonoprazan may have a particular use in the treatment of PPI-refractory GERD. In post-ESD ulcers, a significant benefit in treatment effects of vonoprazan over PPIs cannot be clearly concluded.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease is still evolving and, despite the end of the acute phase of the pandemic, still poses a risk to public health. One of the very rare complications, occurring in less than 1% of children, is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC). Due to the risk of thromboembolic complications as well as cardiac problems, MISC carries a number of life-threatening complications. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy who was hospitalized due to general weakness, fever, conjunctivitis, vomiting and diarrhoea. In view of the mother’s positive result of the SARS-CoV-2 test, the teenager underwent numerous laboratory tests. Taking into account the critical condition of the patient, anticoagulant and antipyretic treatment, steroids and IVIG were added. During hospitalisation, alarming symptoms occurred, including dysarthria, drooping corner of the mouth and muscle weakness on the right side. The magnetic resonance imaging showed changes characteristic of ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to assess possible thrombotic complications in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and specialists should be more vigilant in paediatric patients presenting with such symptoms.