Several research articles are available in the literature regarding the design of antennas, but hardly (to the best of authors’ knowledge) few papers covered the antennas that are designed for the detection, diagnostics, and monitoring of various diseases. There is a need for a research article in which the design and performance of such significant antennas should be compared and highlighted based on various available design techniques to enhance performance parameters that include efficiency, bandwidth, size and appropriate bio-compatible material used to transmit data from the human body efficiently. Antennas are essential in biomedical applications for wireless communication, miniaturization, integration, implantable devices, diagnostic imaging, biotelemetry, and biosensing. They enable efficient and reliable wireless connectivity, facilitating remote monitoring, improving patient care, and advancing medical research. Designing biomedical antennas presents several challenges, including miniaturization and integration into compact devices, ensuring biocompatibility with the human body, conforming to biological structures, mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI), accounting for signal attenuation and propagation in the body, optimizing power efficiency, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Overcoming these challenges requires expertise in antenna design, biocompatibility, electromagnetic modelling, and collaboration between disciplines. Therefore, a detailed review is required so that any scholar who wishes to excel in this field may read this review to understand future directions better and work already done for the design of biomedical antennas. This review comprises a comparison of several significant biomedical antenna design techniques used for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases, which can be helpful for the medical community for the detection of various diseases, including skin cancer, breast cancer, lungs cancer, endoscopy, brain tumor and glucose level detection. The various features of biomedical antennas are thoroughly investigated to provide performance metrics of the antennas designed to diagnose various diseases. The advantage of this study is the understanding of different types of antennas for various diseases. This study also allows realizing appropriate bio-compatible materials and flexible materials for biomedical antenna design, the effect of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on human/animal body and finally, the tables provide the antenna performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, and directivity with respect to antenna size and type of substrate material used for each disease. These biomedical antennas have several applications for diagnosis, early-stage cancer detection and, in some cases providing enough energy to cure the cancer cells in the human/animal body. Moreover, the implementation of Machine learning algorithms for the early detection of tumor for the above-mentioned diseases is also discussed.

In this paper, a compact 10-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system is presented. The antenna structure has a T-shaped feeding element and a reduced size capacitively coupled meandered loop radiating element. The proposed MIMO antenna system is operating at 3.5 GHz. The MIMO antenna element is self-isolated and it has a compact size of 13.45×6 mm2. It exhibits very good isolation of more than 15 dB without using any external decoupling structure like a neutralization line or slot technique. Furthermore, performance parameters like total efficiency are around 40-64%, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is below 0.02, while gain of all antennas is between 3-3.4dBi. The performance of the proposed MIMO antenna is also verified through the measurement of its fabricated prototype. In this paper, a compact 10-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system is presented.

In this paper, a 12x12 dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G smartphones is proposed. It operates in the sub 6 GHz (2.4GHz and 3.5GHz) frequency bands. The MIMO antenna elements are printed on an FR4 epoxy substrate that has a thickness of 0.8mm. The main substrate measures 150 × 75 × 0.8 mm³, while the side substrates have dimensions of 75 × 6 × 0.8mm³. The twelve dual-band antenna elements are compact in size. Each antenna element size is reduced significantly, which is 11.20 × 5.98 mm²(0.0896λ × 0.04784λ). These antenna elments are arranged in such a way that the MIMO antenna not only provides polarization diversity but also helps in achieving good performance in terms of isolation, which is more than 13.5 dB between two adjacent antenna elements. Another significance of the proposed antenna is that both the frequency bands can be tuned independently by varying the corresponding length of each arm. The performance parameters like efficiency is around 40-56% for the lower band and it is 48-62% for the upper band. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is below 0.04 in both frequency bands for the proposed dual band MIMO antenna.