Inula aucheriana showing widespread in Turkey, it is a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is aimed to reveal the pharmacological potential of this plant with this study, which investigates the different biological properties of this plant, which is known to be used in the treatment of various diseases. Methods: 80% ethanol extract of I.aucheriana was prepared and investigated the chemical composition (Q-TOF analysis), antioxidant (spectrophotometric analysis), enzyme inhibitory activities (Ellman's method), antimicrobial (MIC concentration value), anticancer (IC50 analysis) activities with qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: 80% ethanol extract of I.aucheriana was showed that is a powerful antioxidant, anticancer and enzyme inhibitor. In the chemical composition analysis, the major compound of the exctract was determined as luteolin (32.55%). I. aucheriana extract has been shown to have AChE and BChE inhibition. In addition, when the Inula extract was compared with the reference drug, it was determined that the extract had an inhibitory effect in terms of ɑ-glucosidase. It also showed quite high tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. When its antiproliferative activity was examined, it was found to be quite active in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusion: This study is the first investigation of the enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of I. aucheriana. According to the data obtained from the study, more detailed studies can be conducted with the active ingredients of I. aucheriana, and promising results can be obtained for the treatment of different diseases.

Globularia orientalis L., a member of the Oleaceae family, is well-adapted to warm climates and a medicinal and aromatic plant traditionally used in treatment methods. In this study, 80% ethanol extract of G. orientalis was obtained, and its enzyme inhibition activity, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities were investigated. Additionally, the metabolic properties of the plant were elucidated through in silico methods. The data revealed '2-Propenoic acid, tridecyl ester' as the major component of this plant. Furthermore, G. orientalis exhibited potent antioxidant activity, and its cytotoxic activity against breast cancer was found to be robust. G. orientalis' chemical constituents were shown to have different actions against breast cancer protein (PDB ID: 1A52 and 1JNX), anti-oxidant protein (PDB ID: 1HD2), AChE enzyme protein (PDB ID: 4M0E), BChE enzyme protein (PDB ID: 5NN0), and α-Gly protein (PDB ID: 1R47). High-activity compounds were subjected to ADME/T analysis. To investigate how compounds in the plant G. orientalis L. affect human metabolism, ADME/T calculations were performed. In conclusion, these findings suggest the need for continued research through activity-guided fractionation to identify the compounds responsible for these effects in future studies. Lastly, the binding free energy of the molecule with the best docking score is computed using MM/GBSA techniques.

Achillea biebersteinii and Anthemis tinctoria, which are widely distributed species of the Asteraceae family, are used in folk medicine in the form of herbal tea or extract in the treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical content, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor activities and cytotoxic effects of 80% ethanol extract of these two species and make a comparative analysis. In accordance with the data obtained, the major component of A. biebersteinii was determined as Cyclododecane (14.47%), while that of A. tinctoria was determined as Phytol (23.15%). A. biebersteinii, which showed moderate activity in terms of antimicrobial activity, produced more active inhibition than A. tinctoria did. Both plants showed high levels of antioxidant activity. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of A. tinctoria were higher than those of A. biebersteinii. It was determined that there was no significant activity when the extracts were compared with galanthamine, which is the reference drug in terms of enzyme inhibitory activity. When the in vitro anticancer activity of human breast cancer cell line was examined, it was determined that A. tinctoria had a cytotoxic effect at high concentrations (IC50;0.82mg/mL), and A. biebersteinii showed strong cytotoxicity at all concentrations (IC50;<0.0625mg/mL). These two plants of the same family were evaluated in terms of many different biological parameters and it was revealed that A. biebersteinii was more active than A. tinctoria. However, in vivo studies are needed to determine whether these plants can be used as phytotherapeutic agents.

The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely consumed fruits worldwide due to its pleasant sensory properties and rich phytochemical composition. Therefore, the present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, anticancer effects, and molecular interactions of peel and pulp extracts of the Hünkar apple cultivar collected from different locations, using a combined experimental and computational strategy. These factors had a big effect on the extracts’ phenolic composition and biological activity. Moreover, the anticancer results were corroborated by molecular docking analyses, which offered further understanding of the interactions between bioactive compounds and cancer-associated target proteins. This integrative approach underscores the impact of both biological and methodological variables on the antioxidant and anticancer properties of apple-derived extracts, reinforcing their potential as natural sources of bioactive compounds. Cytotoxic activity against HT-22 and C6 cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay, showing dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative effects. Apple extracts exhibited anticancer effects that were dependent on dosage and duration. The activities of chemicals found in extracts of Hünkar apple samples collected from four different locations against brain cancer proteins (PDB ID: 2DME, 6YPE, 1RV1) were examined. ADME/T analysis was then performed on the three molecules with the highest activity. The quantum chemical properties of these three molecules were also examined using the Gaussian package program with B3LYP, HF, M062X level in 6–31g, 6–31++g, and 6–31++g(d,p) basis sets.

Hypericum scabrum L. is an endemic medicinal plant with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory, antiviral effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of water and methanol extracts on different cancer cell lines such as osteosarcoma cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer. The data showed that the methanol extract had a highly effective cytotoxic effect on all three cell lines. Although water extract caused less cell loss than methanol extract, it was found that the cells were inhibited in all three cell lines. DU-145, which is the prostate cell line, was more effective in both extracts. As a result, the water and methanol extract of Hypericum scabrum L. have an anticancer effect on Saos-2, HeLa and DU-145 cells. There is a need for further and comprehensive studies by isolating the main active ingredient of this plant which is a candidate for drug of cancer in the future. Our study is expected to lead the studies in this direction.