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Emergence of Candida tropicalis, which causes potential life-threatening invasive candidiasis, is often associated with colonization of medical devices as biofilm. Biofilm plays an important role in the virulence of the pathogen because of its complex structure, which provides resistance to conventional antimicrobials. In this study, the metabolic response of a clinical strain of C. tropicalis colonizing three distinct surfaces (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene, and polycarbonate) as well as the expression of virulence and stress related genes (ALS3, Hsp21, SAP1, SAP2, SAP3, and CYR1), were explored. Our results showed that lesser biofilm was developed on PTFE compared to polystyrene and polycarbonate. GS-MS metabolic analysis identified a total of 36 metabolites in the intracellular extract of cells grown on polystyrene, polycarbonate, and PTFE, essentially belonging to central carbon metabolism, amino acids, and lipids metabolism. The metabolic analysis showed that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are preferentially produced during biofilm development on polycarbonate, whereas trehalose and vitamin B6, known as cellular protectors against a variety of stressors, were characteristic of biofilm on PTFE. The results of the transcriptomic analysis consider the different degrees of colonization of the three substrates, being CYR1, which encodes the component of signaling pathway of hyphal formation-cAMP-PKA, downregulated in PTFE biofilm compared to polycarbonate or polystyrene biofilms, while Hsp21 was upregulated in concomitance with the potential unfavorable conditions for biofilm formation on PTFE. Overall, this work provides new insights into the knowledge of C. tropicalis biofilm development on surfaces of medical relevance in the perspective of improving the management of Candida infections.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Angela Maione; Luisa Albarano; Elisabetta de Alteriis; Federica Carraturo; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Emilia Galdiero; Marco Guida. An Integrated Analysis of Intracellular Metabolites and Virulence Gene Expression during Biofilm Development of a Clinical Isolate of Candida tropicalis on Distinct Surfaces. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 9038 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Angela Maione, Luisa Albarano, Elisabetta de Alteriis, Federica Carraturo, Anna Andolfi, Francesco Salvatore, Emilia Galdiero, Marco Guida. An Integrated Analysis of Intracellular Metabolites and Virulence Gene Expression during Biofilm Development of a Clinical Isolate of Candida tropicalis on Distinct Surfaces. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (16):9038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Angela Maione; Luisa Albarano; Elisabetta de Alteriis; Federica Carraturo; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Emilia Galdiero; Marco Guida. 2021. "An Integrated Analysis of Intracellular Metabolites and Virulence Gene Expression during Biofilm Development of a Clinical Isolate of Candida tropicalis on Distinct Surfaces." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 9038.
Fungi are renowned as one of the most fruitful sources of chemodiversity and for their ubiquitous occurrence. Among the many taxonomic groupings considered for the implications deriving from their biosynthetic aptitudes, the genus Cladosporium stands out as one of the most common in indoor environments. A better understanding of the impact of these fungi on human health and activities is clearly based on the improvement of our knowledge of the structural aspects and biological properties of their secondary metabolites, which are reviewed in the present paper.
Maria Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Rosario Nicoletti. The Genus Cladosporium: A Rich Source of Diverse and Bioactive Natural Compounds. Molecules 2021, 26, 3959 .
AMA StyleMaria Salvatore, Anna Andolfi, Rosario Nicoletti. The Genus Cladosporium: A Rich Source of Diverse and Bioactive Natural Compounds. Molecules. 2021; 26 (13):3959.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Rosario Nicoletti. 2021. "The Genus Cladosporium: A Rich Source of Diverse and Bioactive Natural Compounds." Molecules 26, no. 13: 3959.
Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae frequently co-exist within the human host as a complex biofilm community. These pathogens are of interest because their association is also related to significantly increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. With the aim of highlighting metabolic shifts occurring in the dual-species biofilm, an untargeted GC-MS-based metabolomics approach was applied to single and mixed biofilms of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae. Metabolomic results showed that among the extracellular metabolites identified, approximately 40 compounds had significantly changed relative abundance, mainly involving central carbon, amino acid, vitamin, and secondary metabolisms, such as serine, leucine, arabitol, phosphate, vitamin B6, cyclo-(Phe-Pro), trehalose, and nicotinic acid. The results were related to the strict interactions between the two species and the different microbial composition in the early and mature biofilms.
Emilia Galdiero; Maria Salvatore; Angela Maione; Elisabetta de Alteriis; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Marco Guida. GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study of Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 3496 .
AMA StyleEmilia Galdiero, Maria Salvatore, Angela Maione, Elisabetta de Alteriis, Anna Andolfi, Francesco Salvatore, Marco Guida. GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study of Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (7):3496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilia Galdiero; Maria Salvatore; Angela Maione; Elisabetta de Alteriis; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Marco Guida. 2021. "GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study of Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7: 3496.
In recent years, the scientific community has focused on the development of new antibiotics to address the difficulties linked to biofilm-forming microorganisms and drug-resistant infections. In this respect, synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are particularly regarded for their therapeutic potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this work, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the peptide WMR-K towards single and dual species cultures of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. We found minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for WMR-K of 10 µM for K. pneumoniae and of 200 µM for C. albicans. Furthermore, sub-MIC concentrations of peptide showed an in vitro inhibition of biofilm formation of mono and polymicrobial systems and also a good biofilm eradication even if higher concentrations of it are needed. In order to provide additional evidence for the effect of the examined peptide, a study of changes in extracellular metabolites excreted and/or uptaken from the culture medium (metabolomic footprinting) in the poly-microbial association of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae in presence and absence of WMR-K was performed. Comparing to the untreated dual species biofilm culture, the metabolomic profile of the WMR-K treated culture appears significantly altered. The differentially expressed compounds are mainly related to the primary metabolic pathways, including amino acids, trehalose, pyruvic acid, glycerol and vitamin B6.
Emilia Galdiero; Maria Salvatore; Angela Maione; Federica Carraturo; Stefania Galdiero; Annarita Falanga; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Marco Guida. Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile. Pathogens 2021, 10, 214 .
AMA StyleEmilia Galdiero, Maria Salvatore, Angela Maione, Federica Carraturo, Stefania Galdiero, Annarita Falanga, Anna Andolfi, Francesco Salvatore, Marco Guida. Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (2):214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilia Galdiero; Maria Salvatore; Angela Maione; Federica Carraturo; Stefania Galdiero; Annarita Falanga; Anna Andolfi; Francesco Salvatore; Marco Guida. 2021. "Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile." Pathogens 10, no. 2: 214.
The genus Neofusicoccum is comprised of approximately 50 species with a worldwide distribution and is typically associated with plants. Neofusicoccum is well-known for the diseases it causes on economically and ecologically relevant host plants. In particular, members of this genus are responsible for grapevine diseases, such as leaf spots, fruit rots, shoot dieback, bud necrosis, vascular discoloration of the wood, and perennial cankers. Many secondary metabolites, including (−)-botryoisocoumarin A, botryosphaerones, cyclobotryoxide and isosclerone, were identified from species of Neofusicoccum and their structural variability and bioactivities might be associated with the role of these compounds in the fungal pathogenicity and virulence. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites from Neofusicoccum species focusing on the role of these compounds in the interaction between the fungus and host plant.
Maria Salvatore; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Neofusicoccum Species Associated with Plants: A Review. Agriculture 2021, 11, 149 .
AMA StyleMaria Salvatore, Artur Alves, Anna Andolfi. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Neofusicoccum Species Associated with Plants: A Review. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Salvatore; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi. 2021. "Secondary Metabolites Produced by Neofusicoccum Species Associated with Plants: A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 149.
Some Trichoderma strains are known for their capacity to produce harzianic acid, a metabolite belonging to the tetramic acid derivatives. Harzianic acid has interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic fungi and promotion of plant growth. It also possesses remarkable chemical properties, including the chelating properties toward essential transition metals, which might be related to the biological activities. Increasing knowledge on chelating properties might be relevant for understanding the various beneficial effects of harzianic acid in the interaction between the producer fungi and plants. In this work, the coordination capacity of harzianic acid was studied to evaluate the formation and stability of complexes formed with toxic heavy metals (i.e., Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+), which might have a crucial role in the tolerance of plants growing in metal-contaminated soils and in abiotic stress.
Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals. Toxics 2021, 9, 19 .
AMA StyleGaetano De Tommaso, Maria Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Vinale, Alessia Staropoli, Francesco Salvatore, Matteo Lorito, Mauro Iuliano, Anna Andolfi. Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals. Toxics. 2021; 9 (2):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano De Tommaso; Maria Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. 2021. "Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals." Toxics 9, no. 2: 19.
Many fungi reported for endophytic occurrence are better known as plant pathogens on different crops, raising questions about their actual relationships with the hosts and other plants in the biocoenosis and about the factors underlying the lifestyle shift. This paper offers an overview of the endophytic occurrence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriaceae), a species known to be able to colonize many plants as both an endophyte and a pathogen. Prevalently spread in tropical and subtropical areas, there are concerns that it may propagate to the temperate region following global warming and the increasing trade of plant materials. The state of the art concerning the biochemical properties of endophytic strains of this species is also examined with reference to a range of biotechnological applications.
Maria Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Rosario Nicoletti. The Thin Line between Pathogenicity and Endophytism: The Case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Agriculture 2020, 10, 488 .
AMA StyleMaria Salvatore, Anna Andolfi, Rosario Nicoletti. The Thin Line between Pathogenicity and Endophytism: The Case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (10):488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Rosario Nicoletti. 2020. "The Thin Line between Pathogenicity and Endophytism: The Case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae." Agriculture 10, no. 10: 488.
The effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the metabolome of two strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from grapevine that hold a different degree of virulence to the host plant (LA-SOL3 (more virulent), LA-SV1 (less virulent)) was investigated. The culture filtrates and crude extracts from the two strains grown in the presence and absence of 10 mM of GABA were tested for phytotoxicity on tomato plant cuttings and leaves, respectively. Considering the opportunistic nature of this fungus for humans, crude extracts were also tested for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines. We found that culture filtrates and crude extracts have a decreased toxicity in the presence of GABA. Metabolomic analysis, conducted on both strains at both growth conditions, revealed the production of several compounds, such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA, which is the main compound produced by L. theobromae), 3-indolecarboxyaldehyde, (3R,4S)-botryodiplodin, (R)-mellein. Finally, data demonstrate that GABA both induces a decrease in the amount of ICA, and a diversification of the metabolites produced by L. theobromae.
Maria Salvatore; Carina Félix; Fernanda Lima; Vanessa Ferreira; Ana Duarte; Francesco Salvatore; Artur Alves; Ana Esteves; Anna Andolfi. Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on the Metabolome of Two Strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from Grapevine. Molecules 2020, 25, 3833 .
AMA StyleMaria Salvatore, Carina Félix, Fernanda Lima, Vanessa Ferreira, Ana Duarte, Francesco Salvatore, Artur Alves, Ana Esteves, Anna Andolfi. Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on the Metabolome of Two Strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from Grapevine. Molecules. 2020; 25 (17):3833.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Salvatore; Carina Félix; Fernanda Lima; Vanessa Ferreira; Ana Duarte; Francesco Salvatore; Artur Alves; Ana Esteves; Anna Andolfi. 2020. "Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on the Metabolome of Two Strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from Grapevine." Molecules 25, no. 17: 3833.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogenic fungus from the family Botryosphaeriaceae that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been associated with many hosts, causing diverse diseases and being responsible for serious damages on economically important crops. A diverse array of bioactive low molecular weight compounds has been described as being produced by L. theobromae cultures. In this review, the existing literature on secondary metabolites of L. theobromae, their bioactivity, and the implications of their occurrence are compiled. Moreover, the effects of abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, nutrient availability) on secondary metabolites production are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research are presented. Currently, a total of 134 chemically defined compounds belonging to the classes of secondary metabolites and fatty acids have been reported from over 30 L. theobromae isolates. Compounds reported include cyclohexenes and cyclohexenones, indoles, jasmonates, lactones, melleins, phenols, and others. Most of the existing bioactivity studies of L. theobromae metabolites have assessed their potential phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. In fact, its host adaptability and its ability to cause diseases in plants as well as in humans may be related to the capacity to produce bioactive compounds directly involved in host–fungus interactions.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi. Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. Toxins 2020, 12, 457 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Artur Alves, Anna Andolfi. Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. Toxins. 2020; 12 (7):457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi. 2020. "Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence." Toxins 12, no. 7: 457.
Background: The genus Ganoderma includes about 80 species of mushrooms. Ganoderma lucidum is the best-known fungal species in mycotherapy and likely has the highest number of studies. Numerous bioactive compounds seem to be responsible for its beneficial effects; in particular, triterpenes, peptidoglycans and polysaccharides are the main physiologically active constituents. The aim of the present work is to identify the main bioactive components in aqueous extracts of G. lucidum spores obtained by two different extraction processes. Methods: The spores were at first extracted by a Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane and the aqueous solutions were submitted to two different procedures: hot water extraction (HWE) and rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE) using the Naviglio extractor. The extracts were then dialyzed to separate the compounds with higher molecular weight from polar compounds with lower molecular weight. The aqueous extracts and dialyzed fractions were tested on two human cell lines: human colonic epithelial cells (Caco-2) and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HTC-116). Results: GC-MS and NMR data revealed the presence of a mixture of glucose and mannitol in ratio 3.7:1 in the most active fraction. Conclusions: The outside dialysis phase of RSLDE extract seems to be particularly cytotoxic for HTC-116 and, interestingly, solutions with different concentrations of pure mannitol showed cytotoxic activity against this cell line too, although to a lesser extent.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Vincenza De Gregorio; Monica Gallo; Maria Michela Corsaro; Angela Casillo; Raffaele Vecchione; Anna Andolfi; Daniele Naviglio; Paolo Antonio Netti. Evaluation of Two Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Hydrophilic Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum Spores and Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cell Lines. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4033 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Vincenza De Gregorio, Monica Gallo, Maria Michela Corsaro, Angela Casillo, Raffaele Vecchione, Anna Andolfi, Daniele Naviglio, Paolo Antonio Netti. Evaluation of Two Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Hydrophilic Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum Spores and Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cell Lines. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):4033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Vincenza De Gregorio; Monica Gallo; Maria Michela Corsaro; Angela Casillo; Raffaele Vecchione; Anna Andolfi; Daniele Naviglio; Paolo Antonio Netti. 2020. "Evaluation of Two Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Hydrophilic Low Molecular Weight Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum Spores and Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cell Lines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 4033.
Ganoderma lucidum is a rich and promising source of bioactive compounds capable of positively influencing the human health. For this reason, G. lucidum is the target of vigorous investigational activities, focusing on the extraction of substances with potential biomedical applications, as well as on the improvement of analytical methodologies for their screening. In the present study, three different extraction processes (i.e., extraction with n-hexane, in Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane and reflux with chloroform) were employed to evaluate the lipid content of G. lucidum spores. The experimental data from the produced extracts were compared with ones from the commercial liquid extract obtained with supercritical CO2 extraction of G. lucidum spores. To achieve this goal, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methodology was optimized for an accurate and reliable identification and quantification of fatty acids in triglycerides of G. lucidum spores. Significant amounts of oleic and palmitic acids were found in the examined extracts. In particular, our findings show that economical and convenient extraction procedures, which are simple, low cost and no need for expensive tools, allow to produce extracts with a lipid composition similar to the one obtained with hard strategies of extraction.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Alessandro Elvetico; Monica Gallo; Francesco Salvatore; Marina DellaGreca; Daniele Naviglio; Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids from Ganoderma lucidum Spores: Extraction, Identification and Quantification. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3907 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Alessandro Elvetico, Monica Gallo, Francesco Salvatore, Marina DellaGreca, Daniele Naviglio, Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids from Ganoderma lucidum Spores: Extraction, Identification and Quantification. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):3907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Alessandro Elvetico; Monica Gallo; Francesco Salvatore; Marina DellaGreca; Daniele Naviglio; Anna Andolfi. 2020. "Fatty Acids from Ganoderma lucidum Spores: Extraction, Identification and Quantification." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 3907.
Harzianic acid is a secondary metabolite of Trichoderma, structurally belonging to the dienyltetramic acid subgroup of the tetramic acids. Biological activities of harzianic acid are of great interest for its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities, which might be related to its chelating properties. In the present work harzianic acid, isolated from cultures of a strain of Trichoderma pleuroticola associated to the gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides, was studied as a complexant agent of a number of biologically relevant transition metals (i.e., Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+), using UV-VIS, potentiometry, MS and NMR techniques. Our findings show the coordination capacity of harzianic acid toward the above cations through the formation of neutral or charged complexes in a variable ratio depending on the metal and pH conditions.
Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Assunta Bottiglieri; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides. Molecules 2020, 25, 2147 .
AMA StyleGaetano De Tommaso, Maria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Vinale, Assunta Bottiglieri, Alessia Staropoli, Francesco Salvatore, Matteo Lorito, Mauro Iuliano, Anna Andolfi. Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides. Molecules. 2020; 25 (9):2147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Assunta Bottiglieri; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. 2020. "Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides." Molecules 25, no. 9: 2147.
In the course of investigations on the role of secondary metabolites in plant-microbe interactions, the production of secondary metabolites by Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from Eucalyptus globulus, was studied. This fungus is responsible for several plant diseases which affect crop productivity and industry. Although secondary metabolites may play a role in disease development, there are very few reports on M. phaseolina metabolomics and, as far as we know, isolates from eucalypts have not been investigated for secondary metabolites production. In the present paper, metabolites typical of fungi, from the family Botryosphaeriaceae, were identified for the first time as products of M. phaseolina. Furthermore, the isolate under examination was grown in the presence and absence of host stem tissue, and metabolite profiles were compared. Five products are reported for the first time in this species and azelaic acid was exclusively produced in the presence of eucalypt stem. Finally, phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests of culture filtrates and crude organic extracts were also performed. Key Contribution: Lipophilic metabolites produced by M. phaseolina might play a role in the plant-fungus interactions responsible for serious diseases of E. globulus.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Carina Félix; Fernanda Lima; Vanessa Ferreira; Daniele Naviglio; Francesco Salvatore; Ana Sofia Duarte; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi; Ana Cristina Esteves. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina Isolated from Eucalyptus globulus. Agriculture 2020, 10, 72 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Carina Félix, Fernanda Lima, Vanessa Ferreira, Daniele Naviglio, Francesco Salvatore, Ana Sofia Duarte, Artur Alves, Anna Andolfi, Ana Cristina Esteves. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina Isolated from Eucalyptus globulus. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (3):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Carina Félix; Fernanda Lima; Vanessa Ferreira; Daniele Naviglio; Francesco Salvatore; Ana Sofia Duarte; Artur Alves; Anna Andolfi; Ana Cristina Esteves. 2020. "Secondary Metabolites Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina Isolated from Eucalyptus globulus." Agriculture 10, no. 3: 72.
Marine-derived fungi are an important source of many valuable compounds with original structures and diverse physico-chemical properties. In this work, the metabolomic profile of a strain of Penicillium brevicompactum, recovered from a snakelocks sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata), was investigated through the parallel application of LC-ESI-HRMS, GC-MS, and NMR. Our strategy allowed the identification of mycophenolic acid, brevianamide A, and several compounds belonging to the thiosilvatins. Among the latter, five products are reported for the first time in this species. The main product of this series, cis-bis(methylthio)silvatin, was also tested for antiproliferative activity on both cancer and non-tumoral colon cell lines.
Francesco Vinale; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Alessia Staropoli; Gelsomina Manganiello; Tommaso Venneri; Francesca Borrelli; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Salvatore. Identification of the Main Metabolites of a Marine-Derived Strain of Penicillium brevicompactum Using LC and GC MS Techniques. Metabolites 2020, 10, 55 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Vinale, Maria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Alessia Staropoli, Gelsomina Manganiello, Tommaso Venneri, Francesca Borrelli, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Salvatore, Anna Andolfi, Salvatore. Identification of the Main Metabolites of a Marine-Derived Strain of Penicillium brevicompactum Using LC and GC MS Techniques. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (2):55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Vinale; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Alessia Staropoli; Gelsomina Manganiello; Tommaso Venneri; Francesca Borrelli; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Salvatore; Anna Andolfi; Salvatore. 2020. "Identification of the Main Metabolites of a Marine-Derived Strain of Penicillium brevicompactum Using LC and GC MS Techniques." Metabolites 10, no. 2: 55.
The spread of studies on biodiversity in different environmental contexts is particularly fruitful for natural product discovery, with the finding of novel secondary metabolites and structural models, which are sometimes specific to certain organisms. Within the large class of the epipolythiodioxopiperazines, which are typical of fungi, thiosilvatins represent a homogeneous family that, so far, has been reported in low frequency in both marine and terrestrial contexts. However, recent observations indicate that these compounds have been possibly neglected in the metabolomic characterization of fungi, particularly from marine sources. Aspects concerning occurrence, bioactivities, structural, and biosynthetic properties of thiosilvatins are reviewed in this paper.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Anna Andolfi. Occurrence and Properties of Thiosilvatins. Marine Drugs 2019, 17, 664 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Marina DellaGreca, Anna Andolfi. Occurrence and Properties of Thiosilvatins. Marine Drugs. 2019; 17 (12):664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Anna Andolfi. 2019. "Occurrence and Properties of Thiosilvatins." Marine Drugs 17, no. 12: 664.
Sea urchins (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) are good a source of bioactive compounds belonging to different classes of natural substances. The edible Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is a renowned animal model for study in different fields of biology, but it is intensively harvested for high commercial value due to the delicacy of its gonads. Most studies have focused on the composition and the nutritional value of P. lividus gonads (the edible part), but little interest has been taken in the other body parts, such as the shells and spines, which are generally considered waste material. The purpose of this study was to obtain an extract from sea urchin shells, with a green methodology of extraction, and to characterize the lipophilic components for potential applications. The shells of P. lividus were extracted via a very well performing technology based on rapid solid liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE) implemented via an automated device (Naviglio Extractor®). The obtained extract shows the presence of fatty acids and their esters (methyl, ethyl and 1-glycerol esters). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements were used to determine fatty acid abundance in the chromatographic fractions of the extract. Arachidonic acid (ARA), 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and 11-eicosenoic acids and their esters are the most abundant components. The presence of many polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the extract, even in low percentages allows a future application in nutrition or medical use.
Salvatore; Martina Ciaravolo; Paola Cirino; Alfonso Toscano; Monica Gallo; Daniele Naviglio; Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids from Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin Shells Obtained via Rapid Solid Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE). Separations 2019, 6, 50 .
AMA StyleSalvatore, Martina Ciaravolo, Paola Cirino, Alfonso Toscano, Monica Gallo, Daniele Naviglio, Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids from Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin Shells Obtained via Rapid Solid Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE). Separations. 2019; 6 (4):50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalvatore; Martina Ciaravolo; Paola Cirino; Alfonso Toscano; Monica Gallo; Daniele Naviglio; Anna Andolfi. 2019. "Fatty Acids from Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin Shells Obtained via Rapid Solid Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE)." Separations 6, no. 4: 50.
In the course of investigations on the complex phenomenon of bee decline, Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the haemocoel of worker bees. Observations on the metabolomic profile of this strain showed kojic acid to be the dominant product in cultures on Czapek-Dox broth. However, an accurate review of papers documenting secondary metabolite production in A. flavus also showed that an isomer of kojic acid, identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid and named flufuran is reported from this species. The spectroscopic data of kojic acid were almost identical to those reported in the literature for flufuran. This motivated a comparative study of commercial kojic acid and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid, highlighting some differences, for example in the 13C-NMR and UV spectra for the two compounds, indicating that misidentification of the kojic acid as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid has occurred in the past.
Marina DellaGreca; Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Andrea Becchimanzi; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. The Issue of Misidentification of Kojic Acid with Flufuran in Aspergillus flavus. Molecules 2019, 24, 1709 .
AMA StyleMarina DellaGreca, Gaetano De Tommaso, Maria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Andrea Becchimanzi, Mauro Iuliano, Anna Andolfi. The Issue of Misidentification of Kojic Acid with Flufuran in Aspergillus flavus. Molecules. 2019; 24 (9):1709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina DellaGreca; Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Andrea Becchimanzi; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. 2019. "The Issue of Misidentification of Kojic Acid with Flufuran in Aspergillus flavus." Molecules 24, no. 9: 1709.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungal plant pathogen that has been associated with Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine. Despite several studies on L. theobromae, until now the production of secondary metabolites by strains isolated from grapevines has not been reported. The ability of two strains of L. theobromae isolated from grapevine to produce lipophilic metabolites was studied. Although many typical compounds of low molecular weight were identified from the crude extracts of both strains (e.g., lasiolactols, substituted 2-dihydrofuranones, melleins, jasmonic acid, 3-indolcarboxylic acid, botryodiplodins), (2R/2S,3S,4S)-3-epi-botryodiplodin was isolated for the first time as a natural compound. Furthermore, a comparative study of metabolite production was conducted at 25 and 37 C to understand temperature effects on metabolite profiles. Some metabolites were produced only by one strain (e.g., (3S,4S)-4-acetyl-3-methyl-2-dihydrofuranone produced by LA-SOL3) and others only at a specific temperature (e.g., jasmonic acid at 25 C, botryodiplodins at 37 C). Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of pure compounds were evaluated to clarify the influence of lipophilic metabolites on the biological activities of culture filtrates of both strains. The most toxic compound for Vero and 3T3 cells was (2R/2S,3S,4S)-3-epi-botryodiplodin.
Carina Félix; Maria M. Salvatore; Marina DellaGreca; Vanessa Ferreira; Ana S. Duarte; Francesco Salvatore; Daniele Naviglio; Monica Gallo; Artur Alves; Ana C. Esteves; Anna Andolfi. Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures. Mycologia 2019, 111, 466 -476.
AMA StyleCarina Félix, Maria M. Salvatore, Marina DellaGreca, Vanessa Ferreira, Ana S. Duarte, Francesco Salvatore, Daniele Naviglio, Monica Gallo, Artur Alves, Ana C. Esteves, Anna Andolfi. Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures. Mycologia. 2019; 111 (3):466-476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarina Félix; Maria M. Salvatore; Marina DellaGreca; Vanessa Ferreira; Ana S. Duarte; Francesco Salvatore; Daniele Naviglio; Monica Gallo; Artur Alves; Ana C. Esteves; Anna Andolfi. 2019. "Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures." Mycologia 111, no. 3: 466-476.
Myrtaceae are a group of plants that include a number of renowned species used in ethnomedicine in many areas worldwide. Their valuable therapeutic properties have stimulated a fruitful research activity addressed to the identification of the bioactive components of their extracts yielding a great diversity of terpenes; polyphenols; and other exclusive products. Among the latter, starting with the discovery of myrtucommulone A from myrtle (Myrtus communis), a series of structurally-related acylphloroglucinol compounds have been characterized from several species that represent the basic active principles to be considered in view of possible drug development. Aspects concerning chemical and biological properties of these products are reviewed in the present paper.
Rosario Nicoletti; Maria Michela Salvatore; Pasquale Ferranti; Anna Andolfi. Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae. Molecules 2018, 23, 3370 .
AMA StyleRosario Nicoletti, Maria Michela Salvatore, Pasquale Ferranti, Anna Andolfi. Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae. Molecules. 2018; 23 (12):3370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosario Nicoletti; Maria Michela Salvatore; Pasquale Ferranti; Anna Andolfi. 2018. "Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae." Molecules 23, no. 12: 3370.
There is evidence that secondary metabolites are involved in the fungal pathogenicity and virulence of Neofusicoccum spp. Fatty acids may also influence the plant–pathogen interaction but, so far, no information is available on their production by species of Neofusicoccum associated with Botryosphaeria dieback, which is a well-known syndrome of several plants with a complex etiology. In the present paper, the production of fatty acids in liquid medium, by strains of N. vitifusiforme and N. parvum associated with declining Sicilian vine plants, was evaluated. Data, acquired via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), show the presence of linoleic acid as the most abundant fatty acid produced by both examined strains. In addition, the pathogenicity of N. vitifusiforme was tested on 2-year-old grapevine plants of cv. Inzolia.
Maria Michela Salvatore; Selene Giambra; Daniele Naviglio; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Salvatore; Santella Burruano; Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids Produced by Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme and N. parvum, Fungi Associated with Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback. Agriculture 2018, 8, 189 .
AMA StyleMaria Michela Salvatore, Selene Giambra, Daniele Naviglio, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Salvatore, Santella Burruano, Anna Andolfi. Fatty Acids Produced by Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme and N. parvum, Fungi Associated with Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback. Agriculture. 2018; 8 (12):189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Michela Salvatore; Selene Giambra; Daniele Naviglio; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Salvatore; Santella Burruano; Anna Andolfi. 2018. "Fatty Acids Produced by Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme and N. parvum, Fungi Associated with Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback." Agriculture 8, no. 12: 189.