The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.

Прогрессирование синдрома Вольфа—Паркинсона—Уайта в мировом масштабе является второй по распространенности причиной возникновению наджелудочковых тахиаритмий. Данное состояние характеризируется сочетанием типичной ЭКГ-картины, предвозбуждением желудочков и наличием тахиаритмий. Морфологически это состояние объясняется наличием мышечного мостика вне специализированной области атриовентрикулярного соединения, проводящем дополнительно сгенерированные кардиальные импульсы от предсердий к желудочкам. Спонтанное распространение дополнительно возникших импульсов может стать причиной возникновения пароксимальных аритмий, в частности у детей. Возникновение и, соответственно, наличие дополнительных путей проводимости возникших импульсов способно нарушать функциональное сокращения сердца, провоцируя внеочередные сокращения, вплоть до развития мерцательной аритмии, что можно назвать критичным. Клинически синдром Вольфа—Паркинсона—Уайта характеризируется возникновением эпизодических головокружений, предобморочных состояний, обмороков, чувства «трепетания», «замолкание» сердца или даже его остановки. Наличие синдрома Вольфа—Паркинсона—Уайта может не проявляться клинически, но ежегодно у 0,6% пациентов регистрируют внезапную сердечную смертность. Целью проведенного исследования стало изучение методики радиочастотной абляции в терапии синдрома Вольфа—Паркинсона—Уайта, которая считается методом радикального лечения нарушения проводимости сердечных импульсов. Радиочастотное воздействие на определенный участок провоцирует разрушение тканей вследствие термического воздействия. Это позволяет прервать механизм дополнительной стимуляции миокарда, а значит нормализировать работу сердца, что, безусловно, способствует улучшению качества жизни пациентов. Выполнению оперативного вмешательства предшествует детальное внутрисердечное электрофизиологическое исследование с целью определения патологических центров генерации импульсов, а также путей их распространения. Данная подготовка позволяет разработать тактику проведения процедуры для того, чтоб достичь ее максимальной потенциальной эффективности и упразднить возможные осложнения (газовый микровзрыв, перегрев тканей с образованием нагара и коагулята). Проведение абляции позволяет добиться положительного результата: нормализации сердечного ритма и упразднения клинических симптомов возникающих аритмий. Немедленный успех проведения радиочастотной абляции составляет 80—98%. В отдаленной перспективе возможен рецидив в 5—10% случаев вследствие регенерации патологического очага.

Anaemia remains a global public health challenge, characterized by low haemoglobin levels or reduced red blood cell count, leading to impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. It disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, including young children, pregnant and postpartum women, and those of menstruating age. In 2023, global anaemia prevalence affected 30.7% of women aged 15–49 and 39.8% of children aged 6– 59 months. Major aetiologies include nutritional deficiencies (particularly iron, folate, and vitamin B12), infections, chronic diseases, inherited haemoglobin disorders, and chronic inflammation. Anaemia contributes significantly to maternal and child mortality, impaired cognitive and physical development in children, and reduced productivity in adults, perpetuating social and economic burdens. Although the World Health Organization advocates multi-sectoral strategies—such as dietary diversification, micronutrient supplementation, and addressing underlying determinants like infectious diseases and gender inequities—global progress remains insufficient to meet the 2030 target of a 50% reduction in anaemia prevalence. This review synthesizes current evidence on the prevalence, causes, and clinical consequences of iron deficiency and anaemia, with a focus on maternal and child populations. By analysing data from WHO, UNICEF, and peer-reviewed literature, we examine the biological role of iron, impacts of deficiency on health outcomes, and evolving intervention strategies. Special emphasis is placed on updated haemoglobin cut-offs, nutritional guidelines, and regional epidemiological trends—including data from Central Asia and low-income countries—to inform future public health initiatives and clinical practice aimed at reducing the global burden of anaemia.

The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis, offering new avenues for more efficient and targeted treatments. A novel approach in the development of nano-bioactive materials has shown promise in improving the precision and effectiveness of both cancer therapies and diagnostic techniques. These materials, which can range from nanoparticles to nanostructured biomaterials, possess unique properties such as enhanced surface area, tunable sizes, and the ability to interact with biological systems at a molecular level. In cancer therapy, nano-bioactive materials can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to cancerous cells, reducing systemic toxicity and minimizing side effects associated with conventional treatments. This targeted drug delivery is facilitated by the specific interactions between nanomaterials and the tumor microenvironment, allowing for controlled release of therapeutic agents. Additionally, the use of these materials in combination with imaging agents enables early detection and monitoring of tumor progression, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. The ability to functionalize nanoparticles with ligands that bind selectively to cancer cell markers further improves the specificity of diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments in the design of multifunctional nanobioactive materials are also paving the way for combined therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, all in one platform. Furthermore, these advanced materials offer the potential for real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy, providing valuable insights into tumor behavior and treatment response. As research continues, nano-bioactive materials are poised to become a cornerstone in the next generation of cancer management, offering safer, more personalized, and highly effective solutions for both therapy and diagnosis.

The problem of professional risks in the medical fieldhas a low priority among medical workers themselves, which can affect the quality of help to the population in the field of health care. This study aimed to identificaty the peculiarities of professional risk manifestation among medical workers and clarify the level of awareness among specialists and future professionals in the field regarding these risks. The subjects of the study were medical workers from local hospitals in Kriviy Rih, Dnepropetrovsk region, and undergraduate students from the Kriviy Rih Medical College. The study was conducted on 200 people using an accessible, spontaneous, quota sampling with elements of probability (quota’s indication — work experience), and two specially designed anonymous questionnaires were used. The majority of respondents are female (85%), only a small percentage of men (15%) are paramedics and doctors working at ambulance stations. The majority of undergraduate students are also women – 95%. By age characteristics: among the surveyed healthcare workers, the majority of the sample was made up of people over 35 years old, and among the senior students of the Kryvyi Rih Medical College, prevails the group over 25 years old. More than half of the surveyed respondents-practitioners (64%) have secondary special education and 36% have higher education. Among the surveyed healthcare professionals, the vast majority (55%) are people who have been working in the healthcare sector in medical specialties for more than 10 years. It was revealed that most respondents are familiar with traditional medical risks. The study reveals a decline in the prestige of the medical profession in modern Ukraine. The study argues that both future medical workers and practitioners often underestimate or accept professional risks. This attitude hinders their ability to perceive risks objectively, potentially leading to professional abnormality and a decline in the quality of medical services. Comprehensive strategic decisions and systemic measures are needed to protect medical workers from occupational risks.