In this paper, the authors present a clinical picture of the diagnosis and current treatment regimens of optic pathway glioma in the pediatric population, with an emphasis on the role of an ophthalmic diagnosis in the differentiation and monitoring of lesions. Glioma is the most common optic nerve tumor in children. Material: Articles in PubMed, Scholar and Website were reviewed, taking into account current standards of management related to sporadic or NF1-related optic glioma, epidemiology, location, course of the disease, clinical manifestations, histological types of the tumor, genetic predisposition, diagnostic ophthalmic tests currently applicable in therapeutic monitoring of the tumor, neurological diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognosis. The importance of current screening recommendations, in line with standards, was emphasized. Results: Glioma occurs in children most often in the first decade of life. Initially, they may be asymptomatic, and clinically ophthalmic changes are associated with the organ of vision or with systemic changes. Gliomas associated with the NF1 mutation have a better prognosis for sporadic gliomas. Diagnosis includes radiological imaging methods/MRI/ophthalmology/OCT and visual acuity log MAR assessment. The basis of treatment is clinical observation. In the case of disease progression, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are used. Conclusion: Further research into novel techniques for detecting gliomas would allow for early monitoring of the disease.

Background: Prediabetes is the intermediate stage between normal glucose levels and type 2 diabetes. Recognized methods for treatment are behavioral intervention (physical activity and diet) and pharmacotherapy. Regular physical activity can cause normalization of glycemia without the use of medication and diet. Aim: The aim of paper is to present the influence of regular, moderate physical activity on the metabolism and carbohydrate parameters without a change in diet or pharmacotherapy in a prediabetic 53 year old man. Material and Methods: A 53 male patient exhibiting abnormal glucose values for 6 years. The patient had a sedentary lifestyle and refused pharmacotherapy and diet restriction of simple carbohydrates. OGTT tests showed. 2021 fasting glucose at 115mg/dL and after 2 hours 86mg/dL 2023 106 mg/dL 2025 107 mg/dL The patient began physical activity (5 times a week running for 30 minutes, 2 times per week playing badminton for 90 minutes, and an increase in spontaneous physical activity). After a year of increased physical activity OGTT tests were performed resulting in normal results. 2026 fasting glucose 94 mg/dL, glucose after 2 hours 115 mg/dL Accompanying the positive glucose results there was a reduction of body mass from 100 kg to 92 kg. Conclusion: In a patient leading a sedentary lifestyle, physically little active after 12 months of regular physical activity, mainly aerobic there occurred normalization of glycemia and reversal of prediabetes.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, destructive changes, and numerous systemic complications. Treatment is based on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological therapies. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the impact of diet on the risk of developing RA and disease activity, as well as the role of diet as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of RA. Many studies indicate that an appropriately selected diet can modulate the inflammatory response, affect the gut microbiota and the overall clinical condition of patients with RA. We analyse publications from 2018–2025, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews on the role of diet in RA. We discuss the effect of selected types of anti-inflammatory diets and omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamin D in patients with RA. We highlight also the role of the gut microbiota in RA. Aim of this study: The objective of this study is to summarise the latest reports on how diet and its components impact RA activity and treatment. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the professional PubMed database. Articles published between 2018 and 2025 were included. The searches included combinations of the following keywords: “rheumatoid arthritis,” “diet,” “anti-inflammatory diet,” “omega-3 fatty acids,” “fiber” and “polyphenols”.

Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology