Electric aircraft powered by lithium batteries (LIBs) have seen rapid development in recent years, making research into their thermal runaway (TR) characteristics crucial for ensuring flight safety. This study focused on the individual battery cells of a specific electric aircraft power battery system, conducting TR experiments under both the aircraft’s service ceiling temperature (−8.5 ± 2 °C) and ground ambient temperature (30 ± 2 °C). The experiments analyzed changes in battery temperature, voltage, and mass during TR. Experimental results indicate that the peak TR temperatures reached 589.6 °C and 654 °C under the two environments, respectively, with maximum heating rates of 8.6 °C/s and 16.9 °C/s. At ambient ground temperatures, battery voltage drops more rapidly, with the voltage of a 100% SOC battery decreasing over just 10 s. Peak mass loss during TR reached 265.48 g and 247.52 g, respectively. Combining TR temperature data with the Semenov thermal runaway model, the minimum ambient temperature causing TR in this electric aircraft power battery under sustained external heating was determined to be approximately 39 °C. Finally, a multi-level protection strategy covering the “airframe–battery compartment–cabin” was established. The findings from this research can serve as a reference for subsequent safety design of this aircraft type and the formulation of relevant airworthiness standards.

The liquid carbon dioxide phase-transition blasting (LCPTB) phenomenon, occurring in the fracturing pipe represents an exceptionally complex process. Due to its ultra-fast reaction kinetics, external observation and capture of LCPTB evolution patterns remain unfeasible. This study establishes an LCPTB model through theoretical analysis of phase-transition evolution within fracturing pipe, combined with numerical simulations that reveal critical evolutionary characteristics, including internal pressure fields, temperature fields, flow fields, and gas–liquid ratios. The investigation unveils the fluid dynamics mechanism of pressure-phase transition coupling and identifies two-phase flow features during the cavity venting process. The key findings demonstrate three characteristic phases in LCPTB pressure and temperature evolution in fracturing pipes: rapid ascent to peak values, sharp decline, and gradual stabilization; flow field analysis uncovers unique velocity patterns in ascending two-phase flows; while gas–liquid ratio examination elucidates temperature reduction mechanisms. This study identifies hazards in the LCPTB process, such as stress concentration and shockwave overpressure, and establishes the theoretical basis for designing efficient future CO2 fractures.

Diesel-powered equipment is widely used in underground coal mines for auxiliary transportation, material handling, and equipment relocation because of its long operating endurance, convenient refueling, and strong adaptability to complex operating conditions. However, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from such equipment can accumulate locally under restricted ventilation, idling, and frequent start–stop operation, thereby threatening occupational health and mine safety. This review focuses on CO purification technologies for diesel-powered mining equipment. The operating characteristics and influencing factors are analyzed, and different technical routes are compared, including in-cylinder control, wet scrubbing, adsorption, non-thermal plasma (NTP), and catalytic oxidation. Recent advances in noble-metal catalysts, transition-metal and CeO₂-based reducible oxide catalysts, and single-atom catalyst (SAC) design strategies are summarized. Research progress in exhaust aftertreatment systems is also discussed. Overall, CO purification for diesel-powered mining equipment requires coordinated optimization of low-temperature activity, safety-oriented thermal management, flow resistance, and long-term operational stability. Future research should focus on structured catalytic units, durability under coupled exhaust conditions, online monitoring, and field validation to improve the compatibility of CO purification systems with underground mining conditions.