In recent years, significant progress has been observed in the field of skin bioprinting, which has a huge potential to revolutionize the way of treatment in injury and surgery. Furthermore, it may be considered as an appropriate platform to perform the assessment and screening of cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to review the latest advances in 3D bioprinting dedicated to skin applications. In order to explain the boundaries of this technology, the architecture and functions of the native skin were briefly described. The principles of bioprinting methods were outlined along with a detailed description of key elements that are required to fabricate the skin equivalents. Next, the overview of recent progress in 3D bioprinting studies was presented. The article also highlighted the potential applications of bioengineered skin substituents in various fields including regenerative medicine, modeling of diseases, and cosmetics/drugs testing. The advantages, limitations, and future directions of this technology were also discussed.

COVID-19 infection causes complications, even in people who have had a mild course of the disease. The most dangerous seem to be neurological ailments: anxiety, depression, mixed anxiety–depressive (MAD) syndromes, and irreversible dementia. These conditions can negatively affect the respiratory system, circulatory system, and heart functioning. We believe that phytotherapy can be helpful in all of these conditions. Clinical trials confirm this possibility. The work presents plant materials (Valeriana officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata, Piper methysticum, Humulus lupulus, Ballota nigra, Hypericum perforatum, Rhodiola rosea, Lavandula officinalis, Paullinia cupana, Ginkgo biloba, Murraya koenigii, Crataegus monogyna and oxyacantha, Hedera helix, Polygala senega, Pelargonium sidoides, Lichen islandicus, Plantago lanceolata) and their dominant compounds (valeranon, valtrate, apigenin, citronellal, isovitexin, isoorientin, methysticin, humulone, farnesene, acteoside, hypericin, hyperforin, biapigenin, rosavidin, salidroside, linalool acetate, linalool, caffeine, ginkgolide, bilobalide, mihanimbine, epicatechin, hederacoside C,α-hederine, presegenin, umckalin, 6,7,8-trixydroxybenzopyranone disulfate, fumaroprotocetric acid, protolichesteric acid, aucubin, acteoside) responsible for their activity. It also shows the possibility of reducing post-COVID-19 neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular complications, which can affect the functioning of the nervous system.

Introduction: Morphea is a disease included in the group of scleroderma type autoimmune diseases. Interleukin (IL)-17A may play a role at every stage of its pathogenesis. The study aimed at evaluation of IL-17A and IL-23 (as the main cytokine which is supposed to stimulate and maintain...

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering dermatosis of the elderly mediated by IgG and IgE antibodies to skin hemidesmosomal proteins, BP180 and/or BP230, that occur physiologically also in neuronal tissue. It was reported that BP is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (ND). We performed a retrospective study in a setting of a Central European university dermatology department on prevalence of ND in 94 BP patients. 26 out of 94 BP patients had at least one ND. ND included: Parkinson’s disease, dementia, stroke, hear loss, tinnitus, blindness, vertigo, neurosyphilis, systemic sclerosis, and epilepsy. Since population aging is conceivably responsible for the rising number of BP cases as a result of immunosenescence-related phenomena, the plausible BP-specific immunopathogenetic relationship between BP and ND deserves to be further experimentally explored.