In port dock engineering, high-piled wharves represent one of the primary structural forms. Damage to the foundation piles is a common issue, influenced by external loads such as impact forces during vessel berthing, slope deformations, and operational loads. This study focuses on the Jungong Road Wharf in Shanghai, utilizing FLAC 3D version 6.0 to conduct dynamic calculations under ship impact loading. The dynamic responses of the structure were analyzed, and various internal forces were extracted during the impact event. By combining concrete cracking failure criteria and fatigue damage theories, the effects of ship collisions on the cracking damage of high-piled wharf structures under different scenarios were assessed. Additionally, the applicability of modal flexibility in high-piled wharf scenarios was evaluated through finite element simulations. The results indicate that the dynamic amplification factor caused by dynamic loading is approximately 1.5, underscoring the necessity of considering this effect in the design and impact analysis of high-piled wharves. The impact loading significantly influences the bending moments of the piles, with inclined piles showing the greatest sensitivity. When a designed ship model collides with the high-piled wharf structure at a speed of 0.2 m/s, the tensile stress in the inclined piles reaches 87% of the ultimate tensile strength of the reinforcement. The impact loading has a relatively minor effect on the axial forces of the piles, a limited influence on the bending moments of the beams, but a considerable impact on the axial forces of the beams. Berthing by oversized vessels and unexpected incidents can lead to more severe damage to high-piled wharf structures. In the finite element simulations, modal flexibility effectively identified the locations of damage, with greater changes in modal flexibility correlating with increased damage severity.

This study investigates damage characteristics, dynamic structural performance changes, and quantitative damage assessment of high-pile wharf framed bents exposed to horizontal impact loads. Through extensive testing of wharf framed bents under such loads, a damage identification approach based on stiffness, natural vibration period, and acceleration data derived from experiments is presented. The findings reveal that under horizontal impact loads, framed bents initially exhibit tensile damage and leaning piles, followed by short straight piles. Additionally, structural damage results in a reduced self-oscillation frequency and an increased amplitude decay rate. Both stiffness-based and cycle-based damage indicators effectively track the cumulative damage progression of the structure. However, the cycle-based damage indicators demonstrate superior stability and accuracy, while acceleration-based indicators precisely identify the moment of damage mutation. This research contributes to enhancing local components, implementing damage identification methods, and advancing health monitoring practices in high-pile wharf projects, aligning with the standards of scientific publications in the field.

Purpose: This paper aims to present a high-order algorithm implemented with the modal spectral element method and simulations of three-dimensional thermal convective flows by using the full viscous dissipation function in the energy equation. Three benchmark problems were solved to validate the algorithm with exact or theoretical solutions. The heated rotating sphere at different temperatures inside a cold planar Poiseuille flow was simulated parametrically at varied angular velocities with positive and negative rotations. Design/methodology/approach: The fourth-order stiffly stable schemes were implemented and tested for time integration. To provide the hp-refinement and spatial resolution enhancement, a modal spectral element method using hierarchical basis functions was used to solve governing equations in a three-dimensional space. Findings: It was found that the direction of rotation of the heated sphere has totally different effects on drag, lateral force and torque evaluated on surfaces of the sphere and walls. It was further concluded that the angular velocity of the heated sphere has more influence on the wall normal velocity gradient than on the wall normal temperature gradients and therefore, more influence on the viscous dissipation than on the thermal dissipation. Research limitations/implications: This paper concerns incompressible fluid flow at constant properties with up to medium temperature variations in the absence of thermal radiation and ignoring the pressure work. Practical implications: This paper contributes a viable high-order algorithm in time and space for modeling convective heat transfer involving an internal heated rotating sphere with the effect of viscous heating. Social implications: Results of this paper could provide reference for related topics such as enhanced heat transfer forced convection involving rotating spheres and viscous thermal effect. Originality/value: The merits include resolving viscous dissipation and thermal diffusion in stationary and rotating boundary layers with both h- and p-type refinements, visualizing the viscous heating effect with the full viscous dissipation function in the energy equation and modeling the forced advection around a rotating sphere with varied positive and negative angular velocities subject to a shear flow.

A structural health monitoring (SHM) framework integrating a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed to address the identification of nonlinear, spatiotemporally varying damage features in structures under complex service conditions. From multichannel acceleration responses of a marine high-pile frame structure, time-domain statistical features, and frequency-domain features were extracted. A CNN–LSTM architecture incorporating residual units and a global attention mechanism was constructed to enhance sensitivity to key damage indicators and improve feature-extraction effectiveness. In conjunction with the International Association for Structural Control (IASC)-American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) benchmark frame structure, acceleration data under impact loading were obtained via finite-element simulations and scaled physical model tests to assemble an SHM dataset. The proposed CNN–LSTM model was subsequently applied to damage identification and classification. In the conducted experiments, the CNN–LSTM network achieved 100% classification accuracy across the evaluated damage scenarios and outperformed the conventional deep-learning baselines considered, indicating strong generalization within the tested settings. These findings indicate the effectiveness and reliability of the method for SHM of complex structures within the tested settings. The study presents an end-to-end solution for automated SHM and outlines its theoretical implications and potential engineering applicability.

Dynamic compaction is a widely used method to strengthen the foundation, which can cause significant impacts on surrounding structures, making vibration control measures necessary. This study investigates the effectiveness of isolation trenches in reducing ground vibration caused by dynamic compaction in a typical multi-layered alluvial soil foundation adjacent to the Yangtze River. A combination of field testing and numerical simulation was employed to evaluate the vibration isolation effect of trenches at different depths and locations. The results show that trenches have a significant vibration isolation effect on the side away from the tamping point, but they can have an amplifying effect between the trench and tamping point. The effectiveness of the isolation trenches increases with deeper trenches and distance from the tamping point, but the amplification effect decreases with increasing depth. Therefore, when employing trenches, reinforcement measures must be adopted, and a suitable trench depth should be selected. The closer the isolation trench to the dike, the better the protection will be. The study provides effective guidance for designing isolation trenches in similar dynamic compaction processes, emphasizing the importance of considering spatial attenuation characteristics and selecting appropriate trench depths and locations.

A failure probability model is developed to describe the effect of the intermediate principal stress on rock strength. Each shear plane in rock samples is considered as a micro-unit. The strengths of these micro-units are assumed to match Weibull distribution. The macro strength of rock sample is a synthetic consideration of all directions’ probabilities. New model reproduces the typical phenomenon of intermediate principal stress effect that occurs in some true triaxial experiments. Based on the new model, a strength criterion is proposed and it can be regarded as a modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion with a uniformity coefficient. New strength criterion can quantitatively reflect the intermediate principal stress effect on rock strength and matches previously published experimental results better than common strength criteria.