This study aims to evaluate the influence of a nanohydroxyapatite layer applied to the surface of titanium or titanium alloy implants on the intricate process of osseointegration and its effect on osteoblast cell lines, compared to uncoated implants. Additionally, the investigation scrutinizes various modifications of the coating and their consequential effects on bone and cell line biocompatibility. On the specific date of November 2023, an exhaustive electronic search was conducted in esteemed databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, utilizing the meticulously chosen keywords ((titanium) AND ((osteoblasts) and hydroxyapatite)). Methodologically, the systematic review meticulously adhered to the PRISMA protocol. Initially, a total of 1739 studies underwent scrutiny, with the elimination of 741 duplicate records. A further 972 articles were excluded on account of their incongruence with the predefined subjects. The ultimate compilation embraced 26 studies, with a predominant focus on the effects of nanohydroxyapatite coating in isolation. However, a subset of nine papers delved into the nuanced realm of its modifiers, encompassing materials such as chitosan, collagen, silver particles, or gelatine. Across many of the selected studies, the application of nanohydroxyapatite coating exhibited a proclivity to enhance the osseointegration process. The modifications thereof showcased a positive influence on cell lines, manifesting in increased cellular spread or the attenuation of bacterial activity. In clinical applications, this augmentation potentially translates into heightened implant stability, thereby amplifying the overall procedural success rate. This, in turn, renders nanohydroxyapatite-coated implants a viable and potentially advantageous option in clinical scenarios where non-modified implants may not suffice.

In this systematic review, the authors aimed to investigate the state of knowledge on in vivo evaluations of chitosan and nanometric hydroxyapatite (nanohydroxyapatite, nHAp) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration. In March 2024, an electronic search was systematically conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases using the keywords (hydroxyapatite) AND (chitosan) AND (scaffold) AND (biomimetic). Methodologically, the systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol to the letter. Initially, a total of 375 studies were screened, and 164 duplicates were removed. A further 188 articles were excluded because they did not correspond to the predefined topics, and an additional 3 articles were eliminated due to the inability to obtain the full text. The final compilation included 20 studies. All publications indicated a potential beneficial effect of the scaffolds in in vivo bone defect repair. A beneficial effect of hydroxyapatite as a scaffold component was observed in 16 studies, including greater mechanical resistance, cellular differentiation, and enhanced bone damage regeneration. The addition of chitosan and apatite ceramics, which combined the strengths of both materials, had the potential to become a useful bone-tissue engineering material.

The aim of the presented systematic review is to update the state of knowledge and relate the properties and composition of fluoride gels to their potential application. This article aims to explore the effect of fluoride gel application on changes in the properties of dental biomaterials and tooth tissues. The review includes articles assessing studies on the effects of fluoride gel on dental tissues and materials. Employing the PRISMA protocol, a meticulous search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, utilizing keywords such as fluoride, gel, and properties. The publications were selected without limitation by the year of publication, and then Cohen’s κ test was used to assess the agreement of the respondents. Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, opinion pieces, editorial papers, letters to the editor, review articles and meta-analyses, clinical reports, studies lacking full-text accessibility, and duplicates. The quality of the chosen papers was assessed by two independent reviewers. A total of 2385 were located in databases, of which only 17 met the inclusion criteria. All publications showed increased surface mineralization, and seven studies showed the effect of fluoride gel on the surface of dental tissues. Three articles stated a negative effect of fluoride gels on titanium and stainless steel alloys and glass ionomer fillings. The effects on shear bond strength and plaque deposition require further investigation because the study results are contradictory.

Treating and limiting caries among young children are crucial issues for pediatric dentistry. In our systematic review, the authors intend to assess alterations in the surfaces of primary teeth following laser treatment using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The aim of this article is to systematically review and consolidate existing knowledge regarding the use of SEM imaging to assess the efficacy of laser treatment for primary teeth. On 10 November 2023, an electronic search was systematically conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with keywords ((laser) AND ((primary teeth) OR (deciduous teeth)) AND (SEM)). The initial pool consisted of 205 records, from which 93 duplicates were eliminated. After careful examination of the remaining articles, 24 records were included in this systematic review. The majority of articles suggest that laser treatment provides dentinal surface without a smear layer, enhances remineralization of enamel, and improves the bonding quality of resin restorations. However, some discrepancies are still present. Based on the gathered articles, the authors of this review have concluded that laser treatment could be applied to deciduous teeth in terms of caries treatment and remineralization although further research is still needed.

The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pit and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants’ activity, how their chemical formula affects their mechanisms of caries prevention and what makes a dental sealant efficient mean of caries prevention. Another vital issue is whether the sealants which contain fluoride, or any other additions have potentially increased antimicrobial properties. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed. The following keywords were used: (dental sealants) AND (chemical composition). Additionally, information about composition and indications for clinical use provided by manufacturers were utilized. The review aims are to find crucial elements of sealants’ composition which affect their cariostatic mechanisms.