This study investigated the effect of carbon black (CB) filler loading on mechanical and rheological properties of natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) ternary rubber nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were prepared using a melt mixing method. Four different samples with different filler loadings namely S₂ (15 phr), S₃ (30 phr), S₄ (45 phr), and S₅ (60 phr) were prepared in this work. The mechanical properties of these samples were investigated such as tensile strength, stress at 100, 200, and 300% elongations, elongation at break %, tear strength, compression set, compression stress, and crosslink density. Results indicate that minimum torque, maximum torque, tensile strength, stress at 100, 200, and 300% elongations, elongation at break %, tear strength, compression set, compression stress, and crosslink density were increased while the scorch time, cure time, cure rate index, elongation at break %, swelling coefficient, and filler–rubber interaction decrease with increasing CB loading. The higher value of tensile strength for these samples was S₄ (loading with 45-phr CB). Therefore, had higher stiffness compared to the other content ratio. Additionally, S₄ showed 233.58% increment in tensile strength. These results showed that the optimum filler loading can increase the compatibility between CB and NR/SBR/NBR. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscope micrography.

Carbon dioxide is both the planet’s enemy and friend since it maintains the balance of the planet as this gas retains some of the radiant energy that the planet receives. Thus, it keeps the Earth’s heat, without which the Earth would be unbearably cold. However, the increase in the quantity of CO₂ in the Earth’s atmosphere contributes to the exacerbation of global warming. CO₂ is mainly produced from the processes of combustion of fuel and petroleum, as well as from the breathing process of living organisms. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of carbon dioxide, including the main sources of emissions that resulted in negative effects, as well as the various ways to control these emissions by conducting a separation process during fuel combustion in power plants and preventing the release of large quantities into the atmosphere. Finally, an objective viewpoint on how to benefit from separated carbon dioxide and turn it into highly valuable products is presented. Given that this is a global problem that affects our planet, this review links other literature that deals with each part separately, and thus it presents a clear and comprehensive vision that enables the reader to be aware of carbon dioxide gas from all perspectives, concluding with future studies that are required to prevent an increase in negative effects in order to preserve the quality of life in our planet. Graphical abstract

In this study, electrospun cellulose acetate - poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane was found to be unique in immobilizing bacterial cells. Here, removal of methylene blue in aqueous media was achieved by using isolated species of bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides) from industrial wastewater and immobilized on cellulose acetate- poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers using DMSO as a solvent. The decolorization time was varied from 0 to 72 h, different dye concentrations from 20 to 200 mg/L and bacterial cells count was investigated to achieve the maximum MB removal by bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane. The effective dye decolorization was achieved within 48 h and MB removal % was around 93%. Furthermore, reusability of the bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane was tested. It was found that after the 4^th usage, 44% of the dye decolorization capacity still could be achieved. These results are promising and suggest that bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane could be economically feasible and eco-friendly when used in MB removal from industrial wastewater. Combination of both adsorption and biodegradation methods was found to be effective in MB removal from aqueous media.

Mn acted as a promoter by forming a Mn-rich layer around a core rich in Fe. The outer layer hindered the formation of magnetite, and impeded H ₂ adsorption whilst encouraging CO dissociative adsorption, which gave the perfect conditions for olefin production.