The geopolymer uses fly ash, slag, and other solid wastes as raw materials and is widely used in building repair, but it is brittle and can be made tougher by incorporating fibers. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, polyoxymethylene (POM) fibers, and polypropylene (PP) fibers were incorporated into the geopolymer mortar repair material, and the geopolymer was tested by changing the amount of fibers incorporation as well as the type. The effect of different fibers on the geopolymer mortar repair material was analyzed by comparing the flexural strength, compressive strength, flexural toughness, shrinkage, and bonding properties with cement mortar of different samples. The geopolymer was analyzed by Diffraction of X-rays (XDR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to further understand the hydration products and microstructure of the geopolymer. The results showed that the incorporation of fibers reduced the flexural strength and increased the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar repair material; the mechanical properties of the geopolymer mortar repair material decreased with the increase in fiber incorporation, and the best mechanical properties of the geopolymer mortar repair material incorporated with 1.0% PP fibers; the toughening effect of PVA fiber was best when the amount of fiber incorporated was the same; the shrinkage properties of the geopolymer were good and had little effects on the building repair; the bonding properties of repaired specimens repaired with geopolymer mortar repair materials depended on the bonding area of the fracture surface, and the bonding area was enhanced with the increase in fiber incorporation; the XRD pattern showed that the hydration products of the geopolymer were mainly CaCO₃ and C–S–H gels.