To compare patients that received intravenous (i.v.) analgesics with those that received transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This retrospective study enrolled patients that had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy and divided them into two groups: the i.v. analgesic group (controls; group A) and the TAP block group (group T). Data retrieved from the medical records included postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, total hospital stay, additional analgesic requirements and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting. A total of 515 patients were included (group A, n = 247; group T, n = 268). Postoperative VAS pain scores at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h and the need for additional analgesics were significantly lower in group T than in group A. Postoperative VAS pain scores at 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in group T than in group A. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in group T than in group A. The rate of ICU admission in group T was significantly lower than in group A. Effective postoperative analgesia can be achieved with TAP block and undesirable effects can be reduced.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on anastomotic wound healing after preoperative radiotherapy according to its pleiotropic mechanism of action. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups containing eight rats each: ANAS group, standard resection plus anastomosis; RT+ANAS group, radiation plus standard resection plus anastomosis; ANAS+EPO group, standard resection plus anastomosis plus EPO; RT+ANAS+EPO, radiation plus standard resection plus anastomosis plus EPO. All animals were sacrificed by cardiac puncture, and anastomotic healing was measured by bursting pressure, hydroxyproline (OHP) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histopathological evaluations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were also measured in serum specimens. Results: OHP levels in the RT+ANAS + EPO group were significantly increased compared with other groups (p < .05). In contrast, MPO activity in the RT+ANAS+EPO group was significantly decreased compared with other groups (p < .05). Serum MDA levels were found to be decreased in the ANAS+EPO and RT+ANAS+EPO groups (p < .05). Group comparisons demonstrated that bursting pressure was significantly higher in EPO treated rats (p < .05). The histopathology results revealed that EPO treatment improves anastomotic wound healing though decreased necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and increased fibroblast activity. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that EPO contributes to wound healing and the strength of colon anastomosis following radiation due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but further studies are needed to explore the significance of these effects.

Background. Anastomotic leakage is a devastating complication of colorectal surgery. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for colorectal cancer can affect the mechanical and biochemical parameters of anastomotic healing. It has been reported that ozone increases antioxidant enzyme activity and stimulates adaptive processes to oppose the pathophysiologic conditions mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of controlled administration of ozone on the healing of anastomosis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes in the colon after radiotherapy. Material and methods. Rats (n = 48) were randomly assigned to the following groups: control groups (1 and 2), saline-treated and irradiated (IR) groups (3 and 4) and ozone oxidative preconditioning (OOP) and IR groups (5 and 6). Rats were exposed to whole-body IR (6 Gy) after pretreatment with either saline or ozone. Rats in groups 1, 3 and 5 were euthanized on postoperative day 3, whereas those in groups 2, 4 and 6 were euthanized on postoperative day 7. The anastomoses were performed on day 7 post-IR. The anastomotic segment was resected to measure hydroxyproline (HPO) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and for histopathological evaluation. Results. The mean bursting pressure of the groups that underwent radiotherapy was lower than that of the control groups (p < 0.001). In groups 5 and 6, the tissue HPO concentrations were higher than those in groups 3 and 4. Although mean values for MPO activity in groups Sand 6 were higherthan those in groups 3 and 4, the differences were not significant. Regarding oxidative damage markers, MDA concentrations were significantly lower in group 5 than those in group 3. Conclusions. In this experimental model, OOP exerted favorable effects on colon anastomotic healing after radiation exposure.

Background/Aim: Anastomotic stricture following choledochojejunostomy (CJS) is largely driven by fibrotic remodeling at the anastomotic site, a process mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. This problem is particularly relevant in emergency biliary surgery, where CJS is frequently performed under suboptimal conditions and anastomotic leakage is common, predisposing to exaggerated fibrosis and late strictures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5) inhibitor EW-7197 (vactosertib) on histopathological parameters of anastomotic healing, with a particular focus on fibrosis, in a rat CJS model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were randomized into three groups (n = 8 each): control (G1), CJS only (G2), and CJS plus EW-7197 (G3). EW-7197 was administered as a single intraperitoneal dose (20 mg/kg) immediately after completion of the anastomosis. On postoperative day 21, choledochojejunal anastomotic tissues were harvested and evaluated histologically using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Edema, hyperemia, inflammation, and fibrosis were graded using a semi-quantitative scoring system, and intergroup comparisons were performed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Compared with surgery alone, EW-7197 treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in fibrosis severity at the anastomotic site (p < 0.001) and a significant attenuation of hyperemia (p = 0.007). Edema scores showed a downward trend in the EW-7197-treated group but did not reach statistical significance, while inflammation scores did not differ significantly between the surgical groups. Conclusions: In this experimental rat choledochojejunostomy model, administration of the selective ALK5 inhibitor EW-7197 significantly reduced histopathological fibrosis and hyperemia at the anastomotic site on postoperative day 21 without affecting inflammation severity. These findings support the role of the TGF-β/Smad pathway in bilioenteric anastomotic fibrotic remodeling. However, further studies including molecular validation and functional assessments are required to clarify the translational relevance of these results.

Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most commonly performed metabolic bariatric surgery procedures worldwide. However, conventional LSG generally requires liver retraction for adequate visualization of the operative field. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, perioperative safety, and metabolic outcomes of a modified three-port LSG technique performed without the use of a liver retractor. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included 2000 consecutive individuals with obesity who underwent three-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between January 2020 and December 2023. All procedures were performed without mechanical liver retraction by two experienced bariatric surgeons. Operative outcomes, postoperative complications, weight loss parameters, metabolic variables, and histopathological findings were evaluated during a 12-month follow-up period. All included patients completed the predefined follow-up schedule. Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: The mean operative time, defined as skin-to-skin duration, was 30 ± 15 min, and the median hospital stay was 2.3 days. No conversion to open surgery, additional trocar placement, or rescue liver retractor use was required. The overall complication rate was 9.4%, with most complications classified as Clavien–Dindo grade I–II. Reoperation was required in three patients (0.15%), and no mortality was observed. Significant metabolic improvements were detected following surgery. Mean HbA1c levels decreased from 7.23% preoperatively to 5.67% at 12 months (p < 0.001), while BMI decreased from 42.6 kg/m² to 28.7 kg/m² (p < 0.001). Excess weight loss and total weight loss at 12 months reached 82.4% and 34.2%, respectively. Diabetes remission was achieved in 65.4% of patients with baseline type 2 diabetes mellitus. Continuous glucose monitoring findings demonstrated reduced postoperative glycemic variability. Conclusions: Three-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy performed without a liver retractor appears to be a feasible and effective surgical approach when performed by experienced bariatric surgeons. The technique was associated with acceptable perioperative safety and favorable metabolic outcomes. However, because of the retrospective single-center design and absence of a conventional comparison group, definitive conclusions regarding superiority or equivalence to standard techniques cannot be established. Prospective multicenter comparative studies are required to validate these findings.

Karaciğer Anatomisi Gülay Açar Karaciğer Histolojisi ve Embriyolojisi Gülsemin Çiçek Emine Utlu Özen Karaciğer Hastalıklarının Patolojisi Ruksan Çopuroğlu Buket Gedik Karaciğerin Benign Kitlelerinin Patolojisi Ganime Çoban Yeliz Arman Karakaya Karaciğer Prekürsör Lezyonlarının ve Malign Tümörlerinin Patolojisi Döndü Nergiz Hülya Tosun Yıldırım Karaciğerin Hücresel Hasarı ve Fibrozis Yeliz ARMAN KARAKAYA Şirin KÜÇÜK Harun KÜÇÜK Karaciğer Fizyolojisi Ve Hücresel Fonksiyonları Güven GÜVENDİ Saime ÖZBEK ŞEBİN Safra Oluşumu Ve Fizyolojisi Metin Yalaza Yavuz Çağır İntestinal Flora Ve Karaciğer Hastalıkları -1 Murat Deveci Hafize Kızılkaya İntestinal Flora Ve Karaciğer Hastalıkları - 2 Esma Eroğlu Arzu Tarakçı Karaciğer ve İmmünite Gökçe Kundakçı Gelir Berrin Yalınbaş Kaya Hepatosellüler Karsinomun Moleküler Mekanizmaları Levent Elmas Mücahit Seçme Hepatosit Transplantasyonu Ve Kök Hücre Gülsemin Çiçek Karaciğer Ve Sirkadiyen Ritim Volkan TEKİN Karaciğer Fonksiyon Testleri Ve Güncel Gelişmeler Türkan Güney Ali Karataş Sarılıkta Patofizyoloji Ve Klinik Değerlendirme Tuba Erürker Öztürk Gebelik ve Karaciğer Özlem Koşar Can Batuhan Başpınar Karacı̇ğer ve Beslenmeye Klı̇nı̇k ve Moleküler Açıdan Yaklaşım Hatice Hamarat Özge Alkan Tali Karaciğer Hastalıklarında Girişimsel Endoskopik Yöntemler Mehmet Alpua Karaciğer Hastalıklarında Görüntüleme Mustafa Devran Aybar Karaciğerin Benign ve Malign Hastalıklarında Görüntüleme Mahmut ÇORAPLI Kamil DOĞAN Karaciğer Tümörlerinde Girişimsel Yöntemlere Cerrahi Bakış Sait Tayfun Karaciğer Hastalıkları Ve Girişimsel Radyoloji Seda Nida Karaküçük Karaciğer Tümörleri Ve Girişimsel Radyoloji Muhammet ARSLAN Halil Serdar ASLAN Karaciğer Kitlelerinde Tanı Ve Semptomatoloji Yonca Yılmaz Ürün Ferhat Bacaksız Karaciğerin Benign Kitleleri Murat Pekgöz Sevil Özer Sarı Karaciğerin Malign Kitleleri Mustafa Gürkan Haytaoğlu Karaciğerin Malign Kitlelerinde Medikal Onkoloji Ve Tedavi Rejimleri Sabri Güncan Kronik Karaciğer Hastalıklarının Etiyolojisi ve Klinik Yaklaşım Barış Soydaş Viral Hepatitler İle İlgili Genel Bilgiler Sercan Kiremitçi Hepatit B Ve D Enfeksiyonlarına Yaklaşım ve Tedavi Berk Baş Ramazan Gözüküçük Hepatit C’ye Yaklaşım ve Tedavi Zuhal Yeşilbağ Murat Pekgöz Hepatit A Virüs Enfeksiyonu Esma Kepenek Kurt Mevlüt Kıyak Hepatit E Virüs Enfeksiyonu ve Klinik Yaklaşım Esma EROĞLU Mesut GÜMÜŞSOY Sistemik Viral Enfeksiyonlar ve Karaciğer Şaban İNCECİK Vedat KILIÇ Alkolik Hepatit Rahmi ASLAN Yaren DİRİK Non-Alkolik Yağlı Karaciğer Hastalığı Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımı Yakup ÜLGER Derya ARI Otoimmün Hepatit Tanı Ve Tedavisi Yavuz ÇAĞIR Primer Biliyer Kolanjit, Sekonder Biliyer Siroz, Primer Sklerozan Kolanjit, Sekonder Sklerozan Kolanjit Çağdaş Erdoğan Mehmet Köroğlu Budd-Chiari Sendromu Ve Venookluziv Hastalıkta Tanı Ve Tedavi Fatih EREN Berrin YALINBAŞ KAYA İlaç İlişkili Karaciğer Yetmezliği: Etkenler, Tanı Ve Tedavi Filiz ARAZ Akut Karaciğer Yetmezliği Murat İSPİROĞLU Mesut AYDIN Kronik Karaciğer Hastalıklarında Akut Alevlenmeler ve Yaklaşım Mustafa AKAR Çınar YILDIRIM Siroz Tedavisinde Kullanılan Başlıca İlaçlar Elif Tuğba TUNCEL Karaciğer Sirozu Ve Dekompansasyon Bilal TOKA Salih TOKMAK Karaciğer Sirozu Ve Tüm Yönleriyle Laboratuvar Değerlendirme Berat EBİK Hüseyin KAÇMAZ Portal Hipertansiyon Kübra AKAN Portal Hipertansiyona Cerrahi Yaklaşım Ufuk ARSLAN Portal Ven ve Splenik Ven Trombozuna Klinik ve Cerrahi Yaklaşım Fatih KIVRAKOĞLU Murat GÜNER M.Fevzi CELAYİR Karaciğer Hastalıklarında Anamnez Ve Fizik Muayene Mehmet KÖROĞLU Karacığer Hastalıkları Ve Nörolojık Bulgular Güven ARSLAN Hepatorenal Sendrom Murat DEVECİ Vedat GENÇER Hepatopulmoner Sendrom, Portopulmoner Hipertansiyon Çağdaş Erdoğan Mehmet Fatih Elverişli Karaciğer Hastalıkları Ve Hematopoietik Sistem, Hemostaz Funda Pepedil Tanrıkulu Filiz Araz Karaciğerin Paraziter Hastalıkları Ve Medikal Tedavi Safiye Koçulu Demir Karaciğerin Paraziter Hastalıklarında Cerrahi Tedavi Özhan Albayrak Ali Sürmelioğlu Karaciğerin Bakteriyel ve Mantar Enfeksiyonları ve Apselerine Medikal Yaklaşım Suzan Şahin Nazım Ekin Karaciğerin Bakteriyel Ve Mantar Enfeksiyonlarına Ve Apselerine Cerrahi Yaklaşım Sami Benli Dursun Burak Özdemir Karaciğer Nakli Öncesi Hasta Ve Donör Hazırlığı Şencan Acar Karaciğer Naklinde Endikasyon ve Kontrendikasyonlar Muhammed Raşid Aykota Şencan Acar Karaciğer Nakli...