Gastric cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early-stage gastric cancer is mainly treated with surgery, while for advanced gastric cancer, the current treatment options remain insufficient. In the 2022 NCCN Guidelines for Gastric Cancer, immunotherapy is listed as a first-line option for certain conditions. Immunotherapy for gastric cancer mainly targets the PD-1 molecule and achieves therapeutic effects by activating T cells. In addition, therapeutic strategies targeting other molecules, such as CTLA4, LAG3, Tim3, TIGIT, and OX40, have also been developed to improve the treatment efficacy of gastric cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the molecular biomarkers of gastric cancer immunotherapy and their clinical trials.

This article aims to provide an overview of research hotspots and trends in exercise and the gut microbiome, a field which has recently gained increasing attention. The relevant publications on exercise and the gut microbiome were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publication types were limited to articles and reviews. VOSviewer 1.6.18 (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and the R package “bibliometrix” (R Foundation: Vienna, Austria) were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis. A total of 327 eligible publications were eventually identified, including 245 original articles and 82 reviews. A time trend analysis showed that the number of publications rapidly increased after 2014. The leading countries/regions in this field were the USA, China, and Europe. Most of the active institutions were from Europe and the USA. Keyword analysis showed that the relationship between disease, the gut microbiome, and exercise occurs throughout the development of this field of research. The interactions between the gut microbiota, exercise, status of the host’s internal environment, and probiotics, are important facets as well. The research topic evolution presents a trend of multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analysis. Exercise might become an effective intervention for disease treatment by regulating the gut microbiome. The innovation of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention therapy may become a significant trend in the future.

The combined targeted and systematic biopsy (CTSBx) was the standard scheme for patients with visible suspicious lesions on MRI in recent years. 2024 European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline recommended targeted and perilesional biopsy (TPLBx) for the diagnosis of patients with MRI visible suspicious lesions. This RCT aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of TPLBx and CTSBx schemes. A single-center non-inferiority RCT (NCT06482658) consecutively enrolled 380 biopsy-naïve patients (CTSBx: n=190, TPLBx: n=190) with a single unilateral suspicious lesion on prostate MRI from June 2024 to November 2024. The non-inferiority margin was -15%. All biopsies were undertaken transrectally through the cognitive fusion technique. The primary outcome was Grade Group (GG) ≥2 cancer (GG≥2-PCa) detection rate. The GG≥2-PCa [58% vs 58%, risk difference (RD): 0.53% (95%CI: -9.4%-11%)], and GG≥3-PCa [30% vs 30%, RD: 0.53% (95%CI: -8.7%-9.7%)] detection rates of TPLBx were non-inferior to that of CTSBx (p0.050). The complication rate of TPLBx was significantly lower than that of CTSBx group (Clavien-Dindo scale≥1: 62% vs 74%, p=0.023), especially for bleeding-related complications (rectal bleeding: 34% vs 48%, p=0.003; hematuria, 39% vs 56%, p<0.001) and rectal pain (25% vs 34%, p=0.018). TPLBx could significantly shorten the procedure time and saved the pathological cost (p<0.001). For patients with a single unilateral suspicious lesion on prostate MRI, TPLBx achieved the non-inferior diagnostic efficacy of csPCa and better safety than the CTSBx scheme.