In recent studies with silver nanoparticles, it has been reported that the use of nanoparticles in carrier drug systems increases tumor suppression and reduces drug-related side effects. At the same time, the combination of traditional medicine with nanotechnology provides the opportunity to develop new antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer, antimicrobial activities and pro-apoptotic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and carboplatin-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-Car). Characterization studies of the synthesized nanoparticles were carried out by DLS, EDX-STEM, and FTIR analysis. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of these molecules were evaluated using XTT and Annexin V, respectively. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The anticancer activity of the AgNPs-Car was high in MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (human lung carcinoma), and C6 (brain glioma) cells. The cell group with the most effective selective cytotoxic activity was C6 cells. It was also shown that AgNPs-Car and AgNPs induced DNA fragmentation eventually increasing apoptosis of cells. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs and AgNPs-Car was evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and yeast fungi. Among the nanomaterials that reached effective MIC values according to reference sources, AgNPs-Car achieved better results. As a result, AgNPs-Car was found to be very successful in targeting C6 glioma cells by facilitating cell entry of the drug. In addition, their anticancer activity on MCF-7 and A549 cells was high and their toxicity was low. Silver nanoparticles are preferred for creating a better drug carrier system because of their qualitative properties and effects. Therefore, it is an interesting field for research on targeting cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms.

Carrier system therapies based on combining cancer drugs with nanoparticles have been reported to control tumor growth and significantly reduce the side effects of cancer drugs. We thought that paclitaxel-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PTX) were the right carrier to target cancer cells. We also carried out antimicrobial activity experiments as systems formed with nanoparticles have been shown to have antimicrobial activity. In our study, we used easy-to-synthesize and low-cost silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with biocatalytic and photocatalytic advantages as drug carriers. We investigated the antiproliferative activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized by adding paclitaxel on MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cell line), A549 (lung carcinoma cell line), C6 (brain glioma cell line) cells, and healthy WI-38 (fibroblast normal cell line) cell lines and their antimicrobial activities on 10 different microorganisms. The synthesized AgNPs and AgNPs-PTX were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with AgNPs ranging in size from 2.32 to 5.6nm and AgNPs-PTXs from 24.36 to 58.77nm. AgNPs demonstrated well stability of 47.3mV, and AgNPs-PTX showed good stability of 25.4mV. The antiproliferative effects of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined by XTT (tetrazolium dye; 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide), and the proapoptotic effects were determined by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The effect of AgNPs-PTX was more effective, and anticancer activity was higher than PTX in all cell lines. When selectivity indices were calculated, AgNPs-PTX was more selective in the A549cell line (SI value 6.53μg/mL). AgNPs-PTX was determined to increase apoptosis cells by inducing DNA fragmentation. To determine the antimicrobial activity, the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test was performed using 8 different bacteria and 2 different fungi. Seven of the 10 microorganisms tested exhibited high antimicrobial activity according to the MIC 100μg/mL standard, reaching MIC values below 100μg/mL and 100μg/mL for both AgNPs and AgNPs-PTX compared to reference sources. Compared to standard antibiotics, AgNPs-PTX was highly effective against 4 microorganisms.

This study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of daptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin at commonly-used dose intervals added to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in vitro. This prospective study was conducted between February 2016 and June 2016. Antibiotics were added to PMMA at doses frequently used in clinical practice. The antibiotic doses added were teicoplanin (2 g, 3 g, 4 g), gentamicin (0.5 g, 0.75 g, 1 g), daptomycin (0.5 g.) and vancomycin (2 g, 3 g, 4 g). Standard cement balls (10 mm) were created. Activated L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture was used for incubation. Agar diffusion, Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) test and electron microscope investigations were performed to examine biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In the cytotoxicity test, teicoplanin at 4 g and daptomycin at 0.5 g doses were observed to cause reductions in viability percentages. The same doses caused 20% and 20-40% cell lysis indices during the agar diffusion test. On electron microscope images, cytotoxic effects in fibroblast cells and involvement with the surface of cement balls were observed. Gentamicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were observed to be non-toxic and biocompatible at commonly-used dose intervals. Teicoplanin at 4 g and daptomycin at 0.5 g doses were identified to be cytotoxic and not biocompatible. When selecting antibiotics to be added to bone cement, care should be taken that the antibiotic is non-toxic and biocompatible.

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects of Achillea filipendulina. Methods: Phytochemical content was analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assayed by DPPH, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and iron reduction tests. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the MIC assay. Anticancer activity was detected via MTT assay, followed by analysis of the apoptotic process using annexin V and caspase 3/7. miR-519d and Dvl-1 expression were assessed by RT-PCR, and molecular docking analysis was also performed. Results: The ethanol extract of Achillea filipendulina showed the strongest anticancer effect. A significant increase in miR-519d expression was observed in HT29 cells, while a decrease in Dvl-1 expression was noted. DPPH, FRAP, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant assays showed high antioxidant activity. The hexane and ethanol extracts were effective against Streptococcus mutans (MIC<50 µg/mL), while the ethanol extract was effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans (MIC<50 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies also confirmed that ethanol extracts could act on the Wnt pathway. GC-MS analysis showed high level of eucalyptol and borneol content in the extract. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Achillea filipendulina has anticancer effect and can be used in colon cancer treatments.

In this study; It was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activities and antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil obtained from Cymbopogon martinii plant. Content analyzes of Palmarosa essential oil were made by Gas Chromatopraphy-Mess Spectrometry (GS-MS). The antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil were investigated using Disk Diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) methods. Cytotoxic effects of essential oil at different concentrations in breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (DU-145) and healthy human fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5) -sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) test. In the disc diffusion method of Palmarosa; against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. coli, it was observed that the first concentrations formed zone diameters very close to the standard. It has been determined that the antifungal effect against C. albicans is present in the first two concentrations (200-100 µg/mL). Palmarosa, in the MIC method; Showed the highest antibacterial effect against B. cereus (MIC: <1.56 µg/mL). It has reached effective MIC values against other bacteria and fungi. In our cytotoxic activity studies; The IC50 value for DU-145 cells was 3.14 ±0.126, 6.29 ±0.56 for MCF-7 and 20.06 ±1.02 for WI-38. The antitumor activity of Palmarosa essential oil was found to be more effective in DU-145 cells, but it was observed that there was no toxicity in WI-38 cell line.

In this study; it was aimed to investigate the anticancer and cytotoxic activities on DU-145 prostate cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and WI-38 human fibroblast cell line of essential oil (Nioli) obtained from Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn. plant and its antimicrobial effects on various bacteria and yeast cells. Content analyzes of Nioli essential oil were made by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GK-KS). The antimicrobial effects of the essential oil were determined using Disk Diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) tests. Its cytotoxic effects were determined by the XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-) nitro-5)-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) test; were investigated at different concentrations in breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (DU-145) and healthy human fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines. In the disc diffusion method of essential oil; It was determined that it formed an inhibition zone against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria at 200, 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL concentrations, and against Candida albicans yeast at 200 and 100 µg/mL concentrations. Nioli essential oil showed the highest antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus. While it was moderately effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, it reached MIC values effective against other bacteria. It was observed that the anticancer activity of Nioli essential oil was more effective in DU-145 prostate cancer cells compared to MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and it had no toxicity in WI-38 healthy human fibroblast cells.