ResumenObjetivosEstablecer el diagnóstico de los factores que los profesionales de enfermería perciben como facilitadores para una práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE) en el Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, identificando posibles diferencias en función de las características de los profesionales y de los entornos en que ejercen.MétodosEstudio observacional transversal multicéntrico, tomando como población de estudio los 3129 profesionales de enfermería en plantilla del Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares en 2009, a quienes se encuestó con los instrumentos Evidence Based Practice Questionnarie (EBPQ) y Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). La estrategia de análisis comprendió análisis exploratorio, análisis bivariado con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas en función de la naturaleza de las distribuciones (correlación, ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, ji cuadrado) y multivariado, entre las principales variables del estudio y los factores de los cuestionarios PES-NWI y EBPQ. Los análisis se realizaron con un nivel de confianza del 95%.ResultadosSe recibieron 1753 encuestas (participación del 56,02%). Los resultados de los dos cuestionarios muestran diferencias significativas al analizar el entorno hospitalario y de atención primaria (p<0,001). Estas diferencias se mantienen al comparar la categoría y la experiencia profesional.ConclusionesEl estudio compara entornos de práctica de enfermería de distintas características. De los factores que componen los cuestionarios, el que mayor influencia tiene sobre la PCBE es el apoyo de los gestores de enfermería. También establece que los dos instrumentos validados son herramientas plausibles para el diagnóstico de una PCBE que permiten establecer elementos de mejora, tanto individual como de organización.AbstractObjectivesTo determine the factors that nursing professionals perceive as facilitating evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) in the Balearic Islands Health Service (Spain) by identifying possible differences according to nurses’ characteristics and their occupational settings.MethodsWe performed a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study of 3,129 staff nurses in the Balearic Islands Health Service in 2009, who were surveyed using the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) and the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). The strategy for the analysis encompassed an exploratory analysis, bivariate analysis with parametric and non-parametric tests according to the nature of the distributions (correlation, ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, chi square) and multivariate analysis of the main study variables and factors on the PES-NWI and EBPQ questionnaires. The analyses had a confidence level of 95%.ResultsA total of 1,753 questionnaires were received, corresponding to a participation rate of 56.02%. The results established significant differences between the two questionnaires in the analysis of the hospital setting and primary care (p<0.001). These differences remained significant when the questionnaires were compared according to professional category and experience.ConclusionsThis study compared nursing practice environments with different characteristics. Of the factors included in the questionnaires, that with the greatest influence on EBP was the support of nursing managers. This study also found that the two validated instruments are plausible tools for assessing EBCP and help to establish areas for improvement both at the individual and organizational level

Although the emotional and psychological impact of nurses’ work had been identified before the COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic aggravated risk indicators for their mental health. The objective of this study was to analyse the levels of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and burnout of nurses in the Balearic Islands (Spain) during the pandemic to identify possible sociodemographic and related occupational factors. A cross-sectional study of 892 nurses was conducted during four weeks from February to March 2021. Sociodemographic data related to the pandemic were collected and anxiety, depression, burnout and post-traumatic stress were measured with validated scales. A multivariate and predictive analysis was carried out with risk estimates. About 75.6% of the nurses had experience in COVID-19 units, and 49.1% had worked for more than 10 months in a COVID-19 unit. Nurses in COVID-19 units (hospital ward or ICU) were more likely to report emotional fatigue (OR 1.9, p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR 1.5, p = 0.021). In general, moderate post-traumatic stress was evident in general nurses (p = 0.027), and severe post-traumatic stress was evident in ICU nurses (p = 0.027). A 1.24-month reduction in COVID-19 patient care predicted reduced levels of emotional fatigue (5.45 points), depersonalisation (1.87 points) and post-traumatic stress (4.65 points) in nurses. Given the occurrence of new waves of COVID-19, the need to establish preventive strategies that focus on the personal and occupational characteristics related to these indicators and to implement urgent psychological support strategies is demonstrated. Given these findings, it is imperative solutions are urgently applied in order to prevent compounding risk to the health system.

Interprofessional relationships may impact the decision making of patients in a clinical setting. The objective of this study was to analyse the decision-making capabilities of patients from nurses’ perspectives of interprofessional relationships using Foucauldian ethics. This qualitative study was based on poststructuralist Foucault references with in-depth interviews of nurses working in internal medicine and specialties in a general hospital. The patients constantly appeared in the definition of teamwork, but also as a passive element used by every professional to communicate with others. Nurses continue modelling a type of patient passivity, or what Foucault called passive subjectivity in relation to oneself, because the patient is guided and directed to take charge of a truth provided by professionals. Nurses must break the rigid design of sections or professional skills, and adopt a model of teamwork that meets the needs of the patient and increases their decision-making power. The quality of care will increase to the extent that professionals establish a relationship of equality with the patient, allowing the patient to make real decisions about their care. An egalitarian model of teamwork is beneficial to the patient, abandoning the idea of a team where the patient and family are constantly excluded from decisions about their care.