Introduction: This cross-sectional study aims to explore the intricate relationships among chronotype, sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary intake in a diverse cohort of 3,072 (50.2% female) participants residing in İstanbul, Türkiye.Methods: This study utilized established measurement tools, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to assess chronotype, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to measure physical activity, and a 24-h dietary recall method to assess dietary intake.Results: The findings of this study revealed compelling associations. Firstly, a robust association was observed between sleep quality and chronotype (OR: 2.265; 95% CI: 1.954–2.626; p < 0.001) as well as physical activity (OR: 0.836; 95% CI: 0.750–0.932; p = 0.002). Specifically, evening chronotypes are more likely to have poor sleep quality, while highly active individuals tend to report lower sleep quality. Transitioning from inactivity to high activity was associated with a 16.4% increase in the odds of transitioning from normal to poor sleep, while a shift from an evening to a morning chronotype was linked to a substantial 126.5-fold increase in the odds of moving from poor to normal sleep. Additionally, morning chronotypes also display distinctive dietary patterns, characterized by higher energy, protein, and fat intake, and reduced carbohydrate intake. Poor sleep quality is associated with increased energy and macronutrient consumption.Discussion: These findings underscore the intricate relationships of chrononutrition within the context of sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary choices. The study underscores the significance of personalized interventions to effectively address specific health behaviors, highlighting the complexity of chrononutrition’s role in promoting overall health and wellbeing.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a critical issue that refers to a lack of access to adequate food to support a healthy and active lifestyle. This problem has wide-reaching effects and can negatively impact health, education, and overall well-being. Addressing food insecurity requires a multifaceted approach that involves the efforts of governments, organizations, and individuals to ensure access to a balanced and nutritious diet for all.Methods: The aim of this study is to shed light on macro-level models and evaluate food insecurity risk in international comparisons. We considered six criteria to evaluate food insecurity risk in terms of health expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and GDP growth rate among 14 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We developed a modeling approach in three stages to compare food insecurity risk and discussed the reasons for the rankings of the countries based on the model results.Results: According to our findings, the United States has the lowest food insecurity risk, while Colombia has the highest. The results suggest that economic factors, such as GDP per capita and GDP growth rate, play a significant role in food insecurity risk. The study highlights the importance of addressing economic disparities and promoting economic growth to reduce food insecurity.Discussion: This study provides insights into the relationship between food insecurity and economic factors, indicating that addressing economic disparities and promoting economic growth can reduce food insecurity. Future research using similar models to link economic outcomes with important health components such as nutrition and physical activity could provide a foundation for policy development.

Background: Food insecurity is a growing global issue driven by income inequality, food price fluctuations, and unequal access to essential resources. However, the interrelations among income distribution, real income, food prices, food insecurity, and health expenditure are not well understood, especially in terms of indirect and mediated effects. Materials and methods: We used a longitudinal dataset to build vector autoregression models and applied the Toda–Yamamoto causality approach to examine direct and mediated pathways. The augmented Dickey–Fuller test assessed stationarity, and optimal lag lengths were selected using the Akaike information criterion. We used the K-means algorithm for income group classification and the Wald test for comparing findings across groups, based on data from 99 countries. Structural stability was tested using CUSUM test for parameter stability and CUSUMSQ test for variance stability of recursive residuals and Bai–Perron for multiple breakpoints. Results: Income distribution and real income directly influenced food prices. In turn, food prices significantly impacted both food insecurity and health expenditure. In high-income countries, food insecurity was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between food prices and health expenditure. Importantly, in the global sample, income inequality mediated the relationship between food prices and food insecurity. The joint analysis of all variables revealed causal pathways that were not evident in isolated models. Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical role of income inequality in worsening food insecurity and increasing health burdens. The observed mediation mechanisms also suggest that targeted, income group–specific interventions are needed to effectively mitigate the compounded impacts of food inflation on health systems. Addressing economic disparities, stabilizing food prices, and enhancing welfare systems could reduce both food-related and healthcare challenges. Future research should explore regional patterns and broader socioeconomic indicators to support sustainable policy design.

Food loss and waste pose significant social, economic, and environmental challenges worldwide, threatening food security and hindering sustainable development. While developing countries primarily face losses during production and storage, developed nations struggle with waste driven by consumer habits, spoilage, and overstocking, particularly in markets, restaurants, and homes. This study was aimed to analyze the complex relationships between food loss, waste, and various economic and environmental variables. The study examined the effects of variables such as education expenditures, food security, food prices, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon emissions per capita on food losses and waste. These analyses shed light on the development of sustainable food policies at both national and global levels. Interventions to reduce food loss and waste will not only optimize food production and consumption processes but will also support a sustainable management of resources. As a result, this study aimed to understand the long-term effects of food loss and waste on economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social welfare. The findings of the study are of great importance in terms of directing future policies and aim to be an important guide in the transition to sustainable food systems.

Sustainability refers to the ability to endure and persist into the future. It was initially introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development through their 1987 report entitled “Our common future”. When defining sustainable nutrition, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) places importance on respecting and safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as ensuring adequate, reliable, and nutritious food. The global population is presently experiencing rapid growth, which poses a risk of depleting nutritional resources over time. One of the primary objectives of sustainable nutrition is to preserve existing resources for future generations. Achieving this requires careful utilization of global resources. In recent years, there has been a particular focus on researching and altering dietary choices and patterns within communities. The emphasis has been on the applicability of nutrition models that exhibit low ecological, carbon, and water footprints as sustainable nutrition models. Examples of such plant-based sustainable nutrition models include the Mediterranean diet, the Double Pyramid model, the New Nordic diet, vegan and vegetarian diets, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the planetary health diet. Additionally, it is crucial to discover alternative food sources that resemble animal protein sources, are accessible to all, and gain widespread acceptance. Currently, the most extensively studied alternative food sources include insects, algae, and cultured meat.