This paper presents an overview of the findings in the handover (HO) process performance within three routes in Quito, Ecuador. We used the Net-Monitor Software to gather information from one of the three national mobile operators. Then, we used the R tool to analyze the HO performance. We analyze several performance metrics, such as HO types, HO conditions, and the ping-pong process. Analysis of the results of the outdoor drive tests demonstrate that the radio frequency (RF) parameters, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), power margin, times radio frequency measurements repeats, and HO percentage to nearest BS, are extremely important during different HO types and ping-pong processes because there are statistical differences in these measured RF parameters. The main measurement results demonstrate that RSSI difference between inter HO and intra HO is 20 dB, whereas HOs are performed when the mobile device (MS) gets farther from the base station (BS), approximately 50% of total HOs. Operator achieves a high ping-pong rate of approximately 10% of total HOs.

This paper presents the implementation and field evaluation of a short-range frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar based on an ADALM-PLUTO software-defined radio, a 23 dBi dual-polarized antenna, and MATLAB processing. A 56 MHz triangular sweep centered at 5.5 GHz was transmitted continuously. Because transmission and frame acquisition were asynchronous, a two-period reference and cross-correlation were used only to locate the waveform boundary before full-period dechirping, Hann windowing, and a 131,072-point FFT. The receiver used manual gain of 57 dB. For single stationary vehicles from 10 to 30 m, the retained estimates yielded an MAE of 0.48 m, an RMSE of 0.52 m, and a mean absolute percentage error of 2.53%. Two-vehicle tests produced one dominant response at a common nominal range and distinct peaks at nominal separations of 10 and 15 m. These results support the practical suitability of the proposed SDR-based architecture for short-range distance estimation and multi-target detection under the evaluated conditions. Future studies will consider target separations closer to the theoretical resolution limit, repeated measurements, and controlled target positioning to provide a more detailed characterization of the system performance.