Purpose: This study was aimed at the prevalence, cardiovascular risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and the relationship between DPN and fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (fGLP-1) concentrations in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2D). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 with a population of 473 nT2D. Screening for DPN was based on the United Kingdom screening test. fGLP-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The prevalence of DPN was 26.6%, in which mild grade was 17.3%, moderate grade was 8.2% and severe grade was 1.1% in total. Age (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12– 2.67, p = 0.012), smoking (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.03– 2.62, p = 0.037), poor control HbA1c (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.23– 5.76, p = 0.01), 24-h urinary albumin (24hUA) (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.26– 4.94, p = 0.007), and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.46– 6.89, p = 0.002) significantly increased the risk for DPN. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.16– 7.55, p = 0.023), triglyceride (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.11– 2.03, p = 0.009), albumin (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75– 0.95, p = 0.005), and fGLP-1 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67– 0.93, p = 0.005) correlated with DPN. The fGLP-1 concentrations were reduced significantly in DPN (p < 0.001). In particular, male patients with DPN had a significantly lower fGLP-1 levels than those without DPN (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of DPN among nT2D was 26.6%. Age, smoking, hypertension, HbA1c control, triglyceride, albumin, 24hUA, diabetic retinopathy were the associated risk factors of DPN, and fGLP-1 was negatively correlated with DPN (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67– 0.93, p = 0.005).

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and affects approximately 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Understanding the impact of lifestyle changes on glycemic control in GDM is important for improving maternal and fetal outcomes and reducing the risk of diabetes in both the mother and child. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness as well as the factors affecting glycemic control by lifestyle changes in pregnant women with GDM. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in the Thai Binh Province from June 2021 to May 2022. All pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation, aged 18 years or older, were enrolled. GDM was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Lifestyle changes including diet and physical exercise were carried out for two weeks. The main outcome measured was successful glycemic control according to the 2018 ADA Recommendations for the Management and Treatment of GDM. Results: 1035 women were included and 20.2% diagnosed with GDM. After two weeks of lifestyle change intervention, 82.6% of the pregnant women with GDM had successful glycemic control. Pregnant women aged under 35 years had a 3.2 times higher rate of gestational glycemic control than those older than 35 (aOR = 3.22, p-value = 0.004). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of less than 25 had a higher rate of gestational glycemic control than those with a BMI of over 25 (aOR = 10.84, p-value < 0.001). Compared to women who had all three diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, those with two diagnostic criteria and one criterion were 3.8 times and 3 times more likely to have successful blood sugar control (aOR = 3.78, p-value = 0.01 and aOR = 3.03, p-value = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Lifestyle changes can be an effective measure for achieving glycemic control in women with GDM. Healthcare providers should consider individualized treatment plans based on the specific needs of each patient.

To detect clusters of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an urbanized district of Hai Phong City, Vietnam using Poisson space-time retrospective and prospective analysis. A cross-sectional and retrospective study analyzed dengue surveillance data in the period from January 01, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Spatial-temporal scanning statistics were performed using the free software SatScan v10.1.2. A total of 519 cases were recorded. The cumulative incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 3.37, 127.36, 10.96, 0, and 296.04 in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. By retrospective Poisson model-based analysis, seven clusters were detected. Six of these seven detected outbreaks occurred in November and December 2022. The largest cluster had a relative risk (RR) of 1539.5 (P <0.00001). The smallest cluster has a RR of 316.1 (P = 0.006). Prospective analysis using the Poisson model significantly detected four active case clusters at the time of the study. The largest cluster of cases with RR was 47.7 (P <0.00001) and the smallest cluster with RR was 18.2 (P <0.00001). This study provides a basis for improving the effectiveness of interventions and conducting further investigations into risk factors in the study area, as well as in other urban and suburban areas nationwide.

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its associated factors have not been investigated in Vietnam, especially in rural areas. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of GDM and its associated factors in rural areas of Vietnam. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1003 pregnant women aged ≥18 years in rural areas of northern Vietnam. GDM was identified based on impaired oral glucose tolerance test results according to the guidelines of the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Associated factors for GDM were analyzed using a modified Poisson regression with robust (sandwich) SE analysis, with maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, and family history of diabetes as explanatory factors, adjusted for parity, method of conception, hormonal therapy for pregnancy maintenance, physical inactivity, and history of chronic medical conditions. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 26.2%. Patients with GDM were more likely to be older than the control group (odds ratio 3.33, 95% CI 2.31‐4.78). In the multivariable analysis, maternal age was strongly associated with GDM. Compared with women aged <25 years, those aged 25 to 34 years had a significantly higher prevalence of GDM (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.12‐1.99; P =.006). The rate was even higher among women aged ≥35 years (adjusted PR 2.40, 95% CI 1.74‐3.31; P <.001). These associations remained consistent after further adjustment for confounders (25‐34 years: adjusted PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07‐1.95; P =.02 and ≥35 years: adjusted PR 2.15, 95% CI 1.49‐3.11; P <.001). Overweight women (BMI 23 to <25 kg/m²) showed a borderline association with GDM, although this did not reach statistical significance (adjusted PR 1.39, 95% CI 0.98‐1.98; P =.06), while women with BMI ≥25 kg/m² had a significantly higher prevalence (adjusted PR 1.58, 95% CI 1.10‐2.26; P =.01). These findings persisted in the adjusted model, with BMI ≥25 kg/m² remaining significantly associated with GDM (adjusted PR 1.54, 95% CI 1.10‐2.17; P =.01). Women with a family history of diabetes had an increased prevalence of GDM in both models, although the association did not reach statistical significance (adjusted PR 1.51, 95% CI 0.85‐2.68; P =.16). Most additional covariates included in the multivariable analysis were not significant. However, women who conceived via in vitro fertilization had a significantly higher prevalence of GDM compared with those who conceived naturally (adjusted PR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04‐1.85; P =.03). The use of hormonal therapy to maintain pregnancy was also associated with an increased risk (adjusted PR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04‐1.68; P =.02). Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for early screening and counseling before pregnancy. Lifestyle programs should focus on weight control and healthy habits. Future research should test whether these programs can reduce the rate of GDM in rural communities.