The Haribhanga is one of the most renowned varieties of mango native to the Rangpur region of Bangladesh. The study aimed to explore the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological potentialities of the methanolic extract of Mangifera indica (Haribhanga) (MEMI) peel. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiarthritic activities of MEMI peel were conducted by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, disc diffusion, and protein denaturation assays, respectively. The extract was administered to STZ‐induced diabetic mice for 7 days for the observation of blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, and liver enzyme levels. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed to identify phytochemicals in the extract. Subsequently, molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding affinity of the identified compounds. The MEMI peel exhibited notable antioxidant potentiality with an IC ₅₀ value of 4.43 ± 0.68 μg/mL and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus with a zone of inhibition of 20.67 ± 1.52 mm. Furthermore, MEMI peel demonstrated substantial antiarthritic activity, with the highest inhibition of denaturation of protein (88%) observed at the highest dose (500 μg/mL). In the in vivo experiments, MEMI peel led to a significant increase in high‐density lipoprotein ( p < 0.001, p < 0.05), with a significant decrease in blood glucose ( p < 0.001), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein ( p < 0.0001) in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Comparing the diabetic control mice, the MEMI peel substantially decreased ( p < 0.001) the high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Moreover, the extract significantly improved the body weight ( p < 0.001) of diabetic mice after 7 days of treatment. GC‐MS analysis identified 28 bioactive compounds, primarily fatty acid esters in the MEMI peel. Di‐n‐octyl phthalate, terpinen‐4‐ol, 8,11,14‐docosatrienoic acid methyl ester, and phenol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐propenyl)‐acetate exhibited the most favorable binding potential in molecular docking studies. The results suggest that MEMI peel possesses antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and liver enzyme protective activities as a promising antioxidant.

Traditionally different parts of Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Family: Sapindaceae) have been used medicinally to treat a variety of diseases, including stomach ulcers, flatulence, obesity, cough, diabetes, and hernia‐like situations. This study investigates the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling to detect different types of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts derived from the seeds of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Eventually, comprehending the potential biological functions of the detected compounds is explored. GC–MS analysis revealed a diverse array of chemical compounds, with 34, 35, and 25 compounds identified in the n‐hexane, n‐hexane–chloroform (2:1), and methanol extracts, respectively. The major compounds identified were 2,4‐bis (1,1‐dimethylethyl) phenol (14.38%) in the n‐hexane extract, hexadecenoic acid (13.35%) in the n‐hexane–chloroform extract, and 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐propanediol (39.16%) in the methanol extract. While most compounds exhibited biological activity, some were neutral or fatty acid derivatives. Notable bioactive compounds included bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate and pentadecane in the n‐hexane extract, naphthalene in the n‐hexane–chloroform extract, and 13‐docosanamide (Z) and beta‐longipinene in the methanol extract. Antibacterial activity was tested against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella choleraesuis, where methanolic extract showed the highest activity (ZOI‐10 mm for both bacteria), followed by n‐hexane extract and n‐hexane–chloroform (2:1) extract, respectively. The study’s findings highlight the potential of L. chinensis seed extracts as sources of bioactive compounds, supporting their traditional medicinal uses and suggesting possible applications in antimicrobial therapy. Future studies should focus on isolating and characterizing the key bioactive compounds and broadening the scope to test against additional pathogens and assess other biological activities, such as anticancer and anti‐inflammatory effects, could further validate the medicinal uses of L. chinensis Sonn.

Objective: Diarrhea is a major global health issue that has become increasingly prevalent in developing countries. In Bangladesh, Mimosa pigra L. is used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhea and also to control infection. Our main objective was to evaluate whether the methanolic extract of Mimosa pigra (MEMP) leaves has the antidiarrheal effect as well as the antibacterial effect against diarrhea-causing bacteria. Methods: The antibacterial potentialities of MEMP leaves were investigated by the disc diffusion method against six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria at 500 μg/disc. Kanamycin (30 μg/disc) was used as the standard drug. Antidiarrheal activities of leaf extracts were determined at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) in a castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrheal model in mice. The results were evaluated by One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet’s test. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 were considered significant compared to control. Results: The MEMP leaves exhibited moderate to potent antimicrobial activity with the zone of inhibition range 11 to 17 mm against diarrhea causing bacteria such as Salmonella paratyphi (16.33 mm), Salmonella typhi (17 mm), Shigella boydii (12 mm), Shigella dysenteriae (12.67 mm) and Escherichia coli (11 mm). Furthermore the severity of diarrhea was significantly reduced (P<0.001) by MEMP leaves at a dose of 400 mg/kg (13±2.16) compared to control (30.25±2.87) by castor oil-induced method. The same dose of the extract also significantly inhibited (P<0.01) the severity of diarrhea (14.75±1.71) compared to control (24±2.16) by magnesium sulfate-induced diarrheal model. The percent inhibition of diarrhea in 3h by MEMP leaves at a dose of 400 mg/kg was 57.02% and 38.54% in castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrheal model, respectively. Conclusion: Confirmed findings in this study naturally suggested that MEMP leaves could be an effective antibacterial and antidiarrheal formulation.

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