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Julien Gardan
Institut Charles Delaunay, LASMIS, UTT, UMR CNRS 6281, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10010 Troyes, France

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Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In this paper, a numerical method is proposed to simulate the mechanical behavior of a new polymeric pre-structured material manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF), where the filaments are oriented along the principal stress directions. The model implements optimized filament orientations, obtained from the G code by assigning materials references in mesh elements. The Gauss points are later configured with the physical behavior while considering a homogeneous solid structure. The objective of this study is to identify the elastoplastic behavior. Therefore, tensile tests were conducted with different filament orientations. The results show that using appropriate material constants is efficient in describing the built anisotropy and incorporating the air gap volume fraction. The suggested method is proved very efficient in implementing multiplex G code orientations. The elastic behavior of the pre-structured material is quasi-isotropic. However, the anisotropy was observed at the yield point and the ultimate stress. Using the Hill criterion coupled with an experimental tabular law of the plastic flow turns out to be suitable for predicting the response of various specimens.

ACS Style

Marouene Zouaoui; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon; Ali Makke; Carl Labergere; Naman Recho. A Finite Element Method to Predict the Mechanical Behavior of a Pre-Structured Material Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication in 3D Printing. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5075 .

AMA Style

Marouene Zouaoui, Julien Gardan, Pascal Lafon, Ali Makke, Carl Labergere, Naman Recho. A Finite Element Method to Predict the Mechanical Behavior of a Pre-Structured Material Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication in 3D Printing. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5075.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marouene Zouaoui; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon; Ali Makke; Carl Labergere; Naman Recho. 2021. "A Finite Element Method to Predict the Mechanical Behavior of a Pre-Structured Material Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication in 3D Printing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5075.

Original contribution
Published: 15 February 2021 in Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
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This paper presents and compares two combined experimental‐numerical techniques for the investigation of fracture properties of additively manufactured polymer parts using digital image correlation (DIC) measurements. The first method only uses measured kinematic fields, and the second is based on finite element simulations driven by measured boundary conditions. A mini single edge notched tensile sample manufactured by fused filament fabrication with ABS is studied. It is shown that both methods locally extract J‐integrals, and the crack tip is accurately located by the FE‐based method. By comparing computed displacements to those measured via DIC, it is possible to locally check the validity of the numerical model. The initiation and propagation stages are analyzed independently thanks to two different magnifications of acquired image series.

ACS Style

Mohamed Ali Bouaziz; Joseph Marae‐Djouda; Marouene Zouaoui; Julien Gardan; François Hild. Crack growth measurement and J ‐integral evaluation of additively manufactured polymer using digital image correlation and FE modeling. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 2021, 44, 1318 -1335.

AMA Style

Mohamed Ali Bouaziz, Joseph Marae‐Djouda, Marouene Zouaoui, Julien Gardan, François Hild. Crack growth measurement and J ‐integral evaluation of additively manufactured polymer using digital image correlation and FE modeling. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2021; 44 (5):1318-1335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Ali Bouaziz; Joseph Marae‐Djouda; Marouene Zouaoui; Julien Gardan; François Hild. 2021. "Crack growth measurement and J ‐integral evaluation of additively manufactured polymer using digital image correlation and FE modeling." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 44, no. 5: 1318-1335.

Short communication
Published: 22 July 2020 in Materials Letters
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In the present work, microstructure, compressive properties and deformation behavior of selective laser melted (SLM) Ti6Al4V ELI porous structures were studied. After analyzing the phase composition and microstructure characteristics, a number of fine acicular a′ martensite (93.3%) and a bit β phase (6.6%) can be detected in SLM porous structures. Based on the experimental results and analyses, it can be found that when the porosity is constant, the yield strength of the SLM porous structure increases with increasing pore diameter. However, as the porosity increases, the mechanical properties of the SLM porous structures deteriorated. Of the SLM porous samples studied presently, those with porosity of 60% and pore diameter of 800 μm have the best compressive yield strength. Moreover, the relative density (d) of the SLM porous structures plays a vital role on the compressive properties (σ, MPa) of the SLM porous structures. The relationship between the SLM solid sample and the SLM porous sample can be established using the equation, i.e., σ = 1065 × d1.86.

ACS Style

Cheng Chang; Jian Huang; Xingchen Yan; Qing Li; Min Liu; Sihao Deng; Julien Gardan; Rodolphe Bolot; Mahdi Chemkhi; Hanlin Liao. Microstructure and mechanical deformation behavior of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V ELI alloy porous structures. Materials Letters 2020, 277, 128366 .

AMA Style

Cheng Chang, Jian Huang, Xingchen Yan, Qing Li, Min Liu, Sihao Deng, Julien Gardan, Rodolphe Bolot, Mahdi Chemkhi, Hanlin Liao. Microstructure and mechanical deformation behavior of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V ELI alloy porous structures. Materials Letters. 2020; 277 ():128366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Chang; Jian Huang; Xingchen Yan; Qing Li; Min Liu; Sihao Deng; Julien Gardan; Rodolphe Bolot; Mahdi Chemkhi; Hanlin Liao. 2020. "Microstructure and mechanical deformation behavior of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V ELI alloy porous structures." Materials Letters 277, no. : 128366.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising way to produce complex structures by adding layers. It arises great interest both in industrial and academic sectors to develop new advanced structured material. To benefit from its advantages, it is important to accurately characterize the obtained structures in order to ensure their integrity during operation. It becomes then important to characterize these structures at the local scale (micron and/or the nanometer scale). In the specific case of polymeric materials obtained by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the comprehension of the mechanical behavior between adjacent layers during deformation can help improving mechanical properties. However, few studies in the literature have focused on implementing approaches to characterize local strains at the surface of these materials. In this study, an original approach based on the use of speckle pattern with particle average size of 20 microns in diameter was coupled to digital image correlation (DIC). It has been applied to the case of a SENT structure with a notch made by FDM. The successive images recorded by a digital microscope allow a qualitative analysis of the evolutions of the local strains. The kinematic fields are obtained by DIC. The strain evolutions at the tip of the notch are highlighted. The deformation mechanisms at the local scale are confronted with macroscopic behavior of the structure.

ACS Style

Joseph Marae Djouda; Donato Gallittelli; Marouene Zouaoui; Ali Makke; Julien Gardan; Naman Recho; Jérôme Crépin. Local scale fracture characterization of an advanced structured material manufactured by fused deposition modeling in 3D printing. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 2019, 14, 534 -540.

AMA Style

Joseph Marae Djouda, Donato Gallittelli, Marouene Zouaoui, Ali Makke, Julien Gardan, Naman Recho, Jérôme Crépin. Local scale fracture characterization of an advanced structured material manufactured by fused deposition modeling in 3D printing. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2019; 14 (51):534-540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph Marae Djouda; Donato Gallittelli; Marouene Zouaoui; Ali Makke; Julien Gardan; Naman Recho; Jérôme Crépin. 2019. "Local scale fracture characterization of an advanced structured material manufactured by fused deposition modeling in 3D printing." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 14, no. 51: 534-540.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2019 in Rapid Prototyping Journal
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the application and the improvement of a previous method based on an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thread deposition in fused deposition modeling. To gain up to 20 per cent of mechanical strength in comparison with a classical deposition, this method suggests a smart threads deposition in the principal stresses direction. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the authors use single edge notched bend specimens with mixed mode I+II loading cases to study the influence of the thread deposition on the fracture toughness of the specimens. For this purpose, finite elements simulations have been used to evaluate the fracture toughness of the specimens through the calculation of the J integral. The study presents a method to compare the optimized and classical specimens and also to gather data and suggest a numerical model for this optimized deposition. For this reason, tensile tests are carried out to characterize the mechanical behavior of the printed samples with respect to the raster angle. Extra attention has been paid to 45 per cent samples behavior that shows a pronounced plasticity before the fracture. This interprets partially the improvement in the fracture behavior of the single edge notched bend samples. Findings The results show an enhancement through this optimization which leads to an increase of the maximal force in fracture up to 20 per cent and the fracture toughness of the specimens with stress intensity factors KI and KII increases about 30 per cent. Originality/value Additive manufacturing is increasingly gaining importance not only in prototyping but also in industrial production. For this reason, the characterization and the optimization of these technologies and their materials are fundamental. An adaptive deposition through a smart material based on specific mechanical behaviors would be an advance.

ACS Style

Pietro Lanzillotti; Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. Enhancement of fracture toughness under mixed mode loading of ABS specimens produced by 3D printing. Rapid Prototyping Journal 2019, 25, 679 -689.

AMA Style

Pietro Lanzillotti, Julien Gardan, Ali Makke, Naman Recho. Enhancement of fracture toughness under mixed mode loading of ABS specimens produced by 3D printing. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2019; 25 (4):679-689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Lanzillotti; Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. 2019. "Enhancement of fracture toughness under mixed mode loading of ABS specimens produced by 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 4: 679-689.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2018 in IFAC-PapersOnLine
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This paper presents an approach to analyze the critical drawbacks and attributes of Additive Manufacturing (AM) simultaneously to find the best manufacturing parameters to fabricate the AM products. In this study, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is investigated as a common AM technology. For this purpose, a multi-optimization problem is formulated according to the analysis of FDM technology. In this problem, layer thickness and part orientation are determined as the decision variables which are the important parameters of manufacturing. As objective functions, production time and material mass are considered and the surface roughness of FDM products and mechanical behavior of material are defined as the constraint functions. Different methodologies are developed to model the AM criteria according to these decision variables. To find the optimal solutions for manufacturing, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is used. Finally, a case study highlighted the reliability of the proposed approach.

ACS Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. Multi-Objective Optimization of Additive Manufacturing Process. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018, 51, 152 -157.

AMA Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi, Julien Gardan, Pascal Lafon. Multi-Objective Optimization of Additive Manufacturing Process. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2018; 51 (11):152-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. 2018. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Additive Manufacturing Process." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 11: 152-157.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2018 in IFAC-PapersOnLine
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Additive Manufacturing is increasingly important, not only in prototyping but also in industrial production. Consequently, understanding and improving mechanical behaviors of materials used and produced by layers manufacturing are major issues. A previous work, reported in Gardan et al. (2016, 2017), aimed at developing and testing a new method that uses a specific trajectory deposition by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The previous study suggested a method to enhance the 3D printing trajectories through the digital phase to reproduce the principal stresses direction. A ”smart deposition” was applied to Compact Tension CT specimens (pure mode I fracture) and showed an improvement of 30% in the fracture toughness. In addition, the fracture behavior changed from a brittle to a ductile like behavior. However, the previous study was not sufficient to well understand the mechanical behavior of smart material when submitted to multi-axial loading. Thus, the new study applies the previous method to mixed mode loading (mode I+II) in order to contribute to better understanding of smart material’s behavior. After applying the process on new bending specimens, the outcomes show an increase of 30% in fracture toughness through a comparison between classic specimens and optimized specimens.

ACS Style

Pietro Lanzillotti; Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. Strengthening in fracture toughness of a smart material manufactured by 3D printing. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018, 51, 1353 -1358.

AMA Style

Pietro Lanzillotti, Julien Gardan, Ali Makke, Naman Recho. Strengthening in fracture toughness of a smart material manufactured by 3D printing. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2018; 51 (11):1353-1358.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Lanzillotti; Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. 2018. "Strengthening in fracture toughness of a smart material manufactured by 3D printing." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 11: 1353-1358.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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ACS Style

Julien Gardan. Smart materials in additive manufacturing: state of the art and trends. Virtual and Physical Prototyping 2018, 14, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan. Smart materials in additive manufacturing: state of the art and trends. Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2018; 14 (1):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan. 2018. "Smart materials in additive manufacturing: state of the art and trends." Virtual and Physical Prototyping 14, no. 1: 1-18.

Original article
Published: 19 March 2018 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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This paper deals with design for manufacturing (DFM) approach for additive manufacturing (AM) to investigate simultaneously the different attributes and criteria of design and manufacturing. The integrated design approach is provided in the product definition level and it gradually maps the customer requirements to the final product model. The main contribution of this paper is an interface processing engine that is an interface between the product model and manufacturing model. This study uses the Skin-Skeleton approach to model the first definition of the product and model the material flow of AM technology as the manufacturing process. This engine is developed through analysis of all AM technologies and identification of their parameters, criteria, and drawbacks. In order to evaluate some product and process parameters, a multi-objective problem is formulated based on the analysis of all AM technologies; production time and material mass are optimized regarding mechanical behavior of the material and roughness of product. The approach is validated by a case study through a bag hook example. From its requirement specification to the proposed approach, this article defines an optimized product and its manufacturing parameters for fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology.

ACS Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. Toward integrated design of additive manufacturing through a process development model and multi-objective optimization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2018, 96, 4145 -4164.

AMA Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi, Julien Gardan, Pascal Lafon. Toward integrated design of additive manufacturing through a process development model and multi-objective optimization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2018; 96 (9-12):4145-4164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. 2018. "Toward integrated design of additive manufacturing through a process development model and multi-objective optimization." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, no. 9-12: 4145-4164.

Original paper
Published: 23 December 2017 in International Journal of Fracture
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This work describes a new filament deposition in fused deposition modeling process through criterion based on mechanical stress. This criterion requires that the filaments’ directions to follow the principal directions of the stress in the sample. The article also presents several Crack-test specimens that have been printed with and without respect to this criterion. The fracture behavior of these specimens has been investigated. The results show that criterion leads to an improvement of 30% in the fracture toughness. Digital image correlation has been extensively used to study the local strain field in the specimens. The strain cartographies reveal a drastic change in fracture behavior. The modification of filament direction leads to “ductile-like behavior” in crack extension which is characterized by a large deformation zone associated with a slow crack growth rate during the crack propagation.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. Improving the fracture toughness of 3D printed thermoplastic polymers by fused deposition modeling. International Journal of Fracture 2017, 210, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan, Ali Makke, Naman Recho. Improving the fracture toughness of 3D printed thermoplastic polymers by fused deposition modeling. International Journal of Fracture. 2017; 210 (1-2):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. 2017. "Improving the fracture toughness of 3D printed thermoplastic polymers by fused deposition modeling." International Journal of Fracture 210, no. 1-2: 1-15.

E technical paper
Published: 03 April 2017 in Assembly Automation
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Purpose This paper aims to present a technical approach to evaluate the quality of textures obtained by an inkjet during binder jetting in 3D printing on a powder bed through contours detection to improve the quality of the surface printed according to the result of the assembly between the inkjet and a granular product. Design/methodology/approach The manufacturing process is based on the use of computer-aided design and a 3D printer via binder jetting. Image processing measures the edge deviation of a texture on the granular surface with the possibility of implementing a correction in an active assembly through a “design for manufacturing” (DFM) approach. Example application is presented through first tests. Findings This approach observes a shape alteration of the printed image on a 3D printed product, and the work used the image processing method to improve the model according to the DFM approach. Originality/value This paper introduces a solution for improving the texture quality on 3D printed products realized via binder jetting. The DFM approach proposes an active assembly by compensating the print errors in upstream of a product life cycle.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan. Method for characterization and enhancement of 3D printing by binder jetting applied to the textures quality. Assembly Automation 2017, 37, 162 -169.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan. Method for characterization and enhancement of 3D printing by binder jetting applied to the textures quality. Assembly Automation. 2017; 37 (2):162-169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan. 2017. "Method for characterization and enhancement of 3D printing by binder jetting applied to the textures quality." Assembly Automation 37, no. 2: 162-169.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Porous Media
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ACS Style

C. Zhang; J. Gardan; F. Zhu; H. Badreddine; Xiao-Lu Gong. THERMAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CELL METAL FOAMS MANUFACTURED BY RAPID TOOLING. Journal of Porous Media 2017, 20, 1087 -1096.

AMA Style

C. Zhang, J. Gardan, F. Zhu, H. Badreddine, Xiao-Lu Gong. THERMAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CELL METAL FOAMS MANUFACTURED BY RAPID TOOLING. Journal of Porous Media. 2017; 20 (12):1087-1096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Zhang; J. Gardan; F. Zhu; H. Badreddine; Xiao-Lu Gong. 2017. "THERMAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CELL METAL FOAMS MANUFACTURED BY RAPID TOOLING." Journal of Porous Media 20, no. 12: 1087-1096.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia CIRP
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ACS Style

Julien Gardan; Nada Matta. Enhancing Knowledge Management into Systems Engineering through New Models in SysML. Procedia CIRP 2017, 60, 169 -174.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan, Nada Matta. Enhancing Knowledge Management into Systems Engineering through New Models in SysML. Procedia CIRP. 2017; 60 ():169-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan; Nada Matta. 2017. "Enhancing Knowledge Management into Systems Engineering through New Models in SysML." Procedia CIRP 60, no. : 169-174.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia CIRP
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ACS Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. Integrated Design for Additive Manufacturing Based on Skin-Skeleton Approach. Procedia CIRP 2017, 60, 217 -222.

AMA Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi, Julien Gardan, Pascal Lafon. Integrated Design for Additive Manufacturing Based on Skin-Skeleton Approach. Procedia CIRP. 2017; 60 ():217-222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elnaz Asadollahi-Yazdi; Julien Gardan; Pascal Lafon. 2017. "Integrated Design for Additive Manufacturing Based on Skin-Skeleton Approach." Procedia CIRP 60, no. : 217-222.

Research article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
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The use of materials derived from biomass is unavoidable to decrease environmental impact of products. The main advantage of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) concept is the ability to create complex geometries one layer at a time. The primary aim of this study was to create objects using reconstituted wood through manufacturing with low environmental impact. Wood can be converted into various derivatives allowing the introduction of sustainable material into the product lifecycle. This work uses an AM device adapted to a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine [1] to produce a reconstituted wood product by filament deposition. The first part assessed the deposit of wood pulp with a 3D printing head device, while the second part focuses on the characterization of microscopic structure of the material. Fiber morphology and mechanical properties of composite materials incorporating the filaments are characterized.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan; Duy Cuong Nguyen; Lionel Roucoules; Guillaume Montay. Characterization of Wood Filament in Additive Deposition to Study the Mechanical Behavior of Reconstituted Wood Products. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 2016, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Julien Gardan, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Lionel Roucoules, Guillaume Montay. Characterization of Wood Filament in Additive Deposition to Study the Mechanical Behavior of Reconstituted Wood Products. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics. 2016; 11 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan; Duy Cuong Nguyen; Lionel Roucoules; Guillaume Montay. 2016. "Characterization of Wood Filament in Additive Deposition to Study the Mechanical Behavior of Reconstituted Wood Products." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Procedia Structural Integrity
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Additive manufacturing or 3D printing have strongly been developed the last years and currently propose several solutions. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a layer additive manufacturing process that uses a thermoplastic filament by fused deposition which builds its geometry along trajectories generated by slicing. This process leads to a locally heterogeneous structure because of the weld lines between the deposed threads. These trajectories (and then the weld lines) are predefined and not necessarily based on the specific mechanical constraints from product’s use. As a consequence, the weld lines can be found oriented in bad directions that reduce the mechanical strength of the printed sample. In this work we used finite elements simulation to identify the principal directions of the stress in a standard Crack Test C-T sample. The aim is to reproduce the principal stress directions inside the internal structure of cracking sample realized in extrusion deposition by 3D printing in order to improve the fracture toughness. Several samples made from Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene were printed and tested. We analyze the outcomes by comparing a C-T standard tensile test procedure with classical and optimized filament depositions. The tests show improved mechanical characteristics and thus provide a method to deposit a filament along a trajectory adapted to the mechanical stresses. Crack branching is observed through a heterogeneous structure and then discussed. On the basis of these results, the cracked specimen will define a new strategy to reinforce the specimen by a specific fused deposit lines.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. A Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion Deposition. Procedia Structural Integrity 2016, 2, 144 -151.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan, Ali Makke, Naman Recho. A Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion Deposition. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2016; 2 ():144-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan; Ali Makke; Naman Recho. 2016. "A Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion Deposition." Procedia Structural Integrity 2, no. : 144-151.

Original articles
Published: 05 November 2015 in International Journal of Production Research
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The rapid prototyping has been developed from the 1980s to produce models and prototypes until the technologies evolution today. Nowadays, these technologies have other names such as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, and so forth, but they all have the same origins from rapid prototyping. The design and manufacturing process stood the same until new requirements such as a better integration on production line, a largest series of manufacturing or the reduce weight of products due to heavy costs of machines and materials. The ability to produce complex geometries allows proposing of design and manufacturing solutions in the industrial field in order to be ever more effective. The additive manufacturing (AM) technology develops rapidly with news solutions and markets which sometimes need to demonstrate their reliability. The community needs to survey some evolutions such as the new exchange format, the faster 3D printing systems, the advanced numerical simulation or the emergence of new use. This review is addressed to persons who wish have a global view on the AM and improve their understanding. We propose to review the different AM technologies and the new trends to get a global overview through the engineering and manufacturing process. This article describes the engineering and manufacturing cycle with the 3D model management and the most recent technologies from the evolution of additive manufacturing. Finally, the use of AM resulted in new trends that are exposed below with the description of some new economic activities.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan. Additive manufacturing technologies: state of the art and trends. International Journal of Production Research 2015, 54, 3118 -3132.

AMA Style

Julien Gardan. Additive manufacturing technologies: state of the art and trends. International Journal of Production Research. 2015; 54 (10):3118-3132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan. 2015. "Additive manufacturing technologies: state of the art and trends." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 10: 3118-3132.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2015 in Computer-Aided Design and Applications
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In Additive Manufacturing (AM), a main material and a support material can be required to manufacture a model. The support material sometimes remains inside the prototyped model and is difficult to clean. Removing the support material results in a waste of time, material and money, which goes against the principles of Ecodesign, especially when the support has no structural function. This research work presents how a topological optimization can be applied on a part produced by rapid prototyping. Numerical simulation was used to optimize the inside structure and the mechanical strength was assessed to optimize the topology. This resulted in design solutions that support the use context with different functions. We more particularly worked on the correlation between the virtual and mechanical results to check the information. The Design for Manufacturing approach was used through different mechanical tests requiring the implementation of data through numerical simulation. The manufacturing characteristics were integrated into the mechanical analysis. The study proposes an alternative geometry through a design for manufacturing approach and a topological optimization applied to additive manufacturing.

ACS Style

Nicolas Gardan; Alexandre Schneider; Julien Gardan. Material and process characterization for coupling topological optimization to additive manufacturing. Computer-Aided Design and Applications 2015, 13, 39 -49.

AMA Style

Nicolas Gardan, Alexandre Schneider, Julien Gardan. Material and process characterization for coupling topological optimization to additive manufacturing. Computer-Aided Design and Applications. 2015; 13 (1):39-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolas Gardan; Alexandre Schneider; Julien Gardan. 2015. "Material and process characterization for coupling topological optimization to additive manufacturing." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 13, no. 1: 39-49.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2015 in International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)
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The design of customized product must correspond to users’ requirements to reach the expectations of the consumer. To include users in the design product process, we are interested in their perception of the product. We essentially realize a technical approach to guide the user for defining his personalized product. Based on the complexities of user’s profiles in order to translate his requirements, we define a systemic approach in a chain of design and additive manufacturing. The method is implemented into a web demonstrator. We defined a combinatory scheme and several illustrated scenari from Information Technology (IT) used as a template to analyze rich field data exchanges. The method provided a toolkit for leading the participation of multiple stakeholders in the design process (users, designers, advisers, community...). Finally, we determine a workflow required to product lifecycle management in the case where the user is in the center of the application to realize a customized product. The research framework shows that the community participation is central to the system so that the economic model is reliable. This paper presents the research method associated to the Internet platform creation.

ACS Style

J. Gardan. Definition of users’ requirements in the customized product design through a user-centered translation method. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 2015, 11, 813 -821.

AMA Style

J. Gardan. Definition of users’ requirements in the customized product design through a user-centered translation method. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM). 2015; 11 (4):813-821.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Gardan. 2015. "Definition of users’ requirements in the customized product design through a user-centered translation method." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 11, no. 4: 813-821.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing
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Wood has several advantages that are transferable to various derivates allowing the introduction of a sustainable material into the product lifecycle. The objective of this paper is to apply a design for manufacturing approach based on wood flour rapid prototyping, while associating the requirements of the 'mass customisation' in the implementation of a customised product. New collaborative software allows consumers to be involved in the design process. Prototyping processes allow direct manufacturing of products.

ACS Style

Julien Gardan; Lionel Roucoules. Characterisation of beech wood pulp towards sustainable rapid prototyping. International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing 2011, 2, 215 .

AMA Style

Julien Gardan, Lionel Roucoules. Characterisation of beech wood pulp towards sustainable rapid prototyping. International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing. 2011; 2 (4):215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Gardan; Lionel Roucoules. 2011. "Characterisation of beech wood pulp towards sustainable rapid prototyping." International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing 2, no. 4: 215.