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Xu-Hui He
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Sensors
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The suspended monorail (SM) vehicle–bridge system has been considered a promising modern transit mode due to its clear advantages: low pollution, high safety, convenient construction, and low cost. The wind-induced response can significantly affect the running safety and comfort of this type of vehicle due to its special suspended position from a fixed track. This study is the first to systematically investigate its aerodynamic characteristics and interference effects under various spacing ratios using wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. A high level of agreement between the wind tunnel test and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) results was obtained, and the aerodynamic interference mechanism can be well explained using the CFD technique from a flow field perspective. A wireless wind pressure acquisition system is proposed to achieve synchronization acquisition for multi wind pressure test taps. The paper confirms that (1) the proposed wireless wind pressure acquisition system performed well; (2) the aerodynamic coefficients of the upstream vehicle and bridge were nearly unchanged for vehicle–bridge combinations with varying spacing ratios; (3) the aerodynamic interference effects were amplified when two vehicles meet, but the effects decrease as the spacing ratio increases; (4) the aerodynamic force coefficients, mean, and root mean square (RMS) wind pressure coefficients for the downstream vehicle and bridge are readily affected by the upstream vehicle; (5) the vortex shedding frequencies of vehicles and bridges can be readily obtained from the lift force spectra, and they decrease as the spacing ratio increases; and (6) a spacing ratio of 3.5 is suggested in the field applications to ensure the running safety and stability of the SM vehicle–bridge system under exposure to crosswinds.

ACS Style

Yunfeng Zou; Zhipeng Liu; Kang Shi; Shuangmei Ou; Xuhui He; Honggui Deng; Shuai Zhou. Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects for a Suspended Monorail Vehicle–Bridge System Using a Wireless Acquisition System. Sensors 2021, 21, 5841 .

AMA Style

Yunfeng Zou, Zhipeng Liu, Kang Shi, Shuangmei Ou, Xuhui He, Honggui Deng, Shuai Zhou. Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects for a Suspended Monorail Vehicle–Bridge System Using a Wireless Acquisition System. Sensors. 2021; 21 (17):5841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunfeng Zou; Zhipeng Liu; Kang Shi; Shuangmei Ou; Xuhui He; Honggui Deng; Shuai Zhou. 2021. "Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects for a Suspended Monorail Vehicle–Bridge System Using a Wireless Acquisition System." Sensors 21, no. 17: 5841.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Solar Energy
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Cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) modules have been proposed to replace traditional beam-supported PV modules. The new system uses suspension cables to bear the loads of the PV modules and therefore has the characteristics of a long span, light weight, strong load capacity, and adaptability to complex terrains. It provides an excellent supplement to traditional structures in special sites such as sewage treatment plants, highways, farms, fishponds, and roofs with poor load-bearing conditions. However, most of the traditional cable-supported PV systems use only two cables to support the PV modules. The settlement of the support cables due to self-weight of PV modules always reduces their power generation efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable design to flatten the structures. Recently, the authors (He et al., 2020) proposed a new cable-supported PV system using three cables and four triangle brackets to form an inverted arch to reduce the vertical displacement of the PV modules. In this study, the structural characteristics of the new PV system with a span of 30 m are numerically investigated in terms of mode shapes, modal frequency, and nonlinear structural stiffness through using the finite element method. The increase of torsion stiffness when the torsion displacement rises benefits the stability of the new PV system. The load bearing capacity of the PV system is discussed under self-weight, static wind load, snow load, and their combination. The influences of row spacing, tilt angle, initial cable force, and cable diameter on the structural characteristics are further studied. The results verify that the new system has a strong load capacity and potential for wide application.

ACS Style

Xu-Hui He; Hao Ding; Hai-Quan Jing; Xiao-Ping Wu; Xiao-Jun Weng. Mechanical characteristics of a new type of cable-supported photovoltaic module system. Solar Energy 2021, 226, 408 -420.

AMA Style

Xu-Hui He, Hao Ding, Hai-Quan Jing, Xiao-Ping Wu, Xiao-Jun Weng. Mechanical characteristics of a new type of cable-supported photovoltaic module system. Solar Energy. 2021; 226 ():408-420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu-Hui He; Hao Ding; Hai-Quan Jing; Xiao-Ping Wu; Xiao-Jun Weng. 2021. "Mechanical characteristics of a new type of cable-supported photovoltaic module system." Solar Energy 226, no. : 408-420.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has caused a traffic tie-up across the world. In addition to home quarantine orders and travel bans, the social distance guideline of about six feet was enacted to reduce the risk of contagion. However, with recent life gradually returning to normal, the crisis is not over. In this research, a moving train test and a Gaussian puff model were employed to investigate the impact of wind raised by a train running on the transmission and dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 from infected individuals. Our findings suggest that the 2 m social distance guideline may not be enough; under train-induced wind action, human respiratory disease-carrier droplets may travel to unexpected places. However, there are deficiencies in passenger safety guidelines and it is necessary to improve the quantitative research in the relationship between train-induced wind and virus transmission. All these findings could provide a fresh insight to contain the spread of COVID-19 and provide a basis for preventing and controlling the pandemic virus, and probe into strategies for control of the disease in the future.

ACS Style

Simin Zou; Xuhui He. Effect of Train-Induced Wind on the Transmission of COVID-19: A New Insight into Potential Infectious Risks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8164 .

AMA Style

Simin Zou, Xuhui He. Effect of Train-Induced Wind on the Transmission of COVID-19: A New Insight into Potential Infectious Risks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simin Zou; Xuhui He. 2021. "Effect of Train-Induced Wind on the Transmission of COVID-19: A New Insight into Potential Infectious Risks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8164.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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Many parallel bridges have been recently designed and built around the world to accommodate the ever-increasing volumes of vehicle and rail traffic. Accordingly, the aerodynamic interference around the parallel girders becomes important to investigate for a more accurate estimation of wind-induced effects on bridges. In this study, a wide range of gap-width ratios (0–15) for parallel box girders are selected to investigate the aerodynamic interference using three-dimensional large eddy simulation at zero wind attack angle. Specific aerodynamic characteristics, including the flow structures, pressure distributions, mean values and standard deviations of the force coefficients, Strouhal number as well as spanwise correlations of the aerodynamic coefficients are examined with various gap-width ratios. The detailed comparison work demonstrates a good agreement with the experimental work. The simulation results reveal that all the aerodynamic characteristics are significantly influenced by the gap-width ratio. The three regions are bounded by critical gap-width ratios of G/B = 0.25 and G/B = 5. There are large changes in behavior at G/B = 0.25, whereas, for G/B > 5, interference effects are not evident. The interference effects on both mean and fluctuating aerodynamic coefficients of parallel box girders are also quantified and summarized.

ACS Style

Xuhui He; Ximeng Kang; Lei Yan; Richard G.J. Flay; Pengjie Ren; Teng Wu. Numerical investigation of flow structures and aerodynamic interference around stationary parallel box girders. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2021, 215, 104610 .

AMA Style

Xuhui He, Ximeng Kang, Lei Yan, Richard G.J. Flay, Pengjie Ren, Teng Wu. Numerical investigation of flow structures and aerodynamic interference around stationary parallel box girders. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2021; 215 ():104610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuhui He; Ximeng Kang; Lei Yan; Richard G.J. Flay; Pengjie Ren; Teng Wu. 2021. "Numerical investigation of flow structures and aerodynamic interference around stationary parallel box girders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 215, no. : 104610.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Ocean Engineering
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A pair of flexible cable models were fabricated to simulate the wake induced vibration (WIV) of two tandem stay cables. The center-to-center separation of the two cable models was fixed to be 4D. The in-plane and out-of-plane accelerations of both upstream and downwind models were measured as the incoming wind speed increased from 3 m/s to 40 m/s (Re = 0.96 × 104–1.28 × 105). The response characteristics of WIVs, including the vibration amplitude, power spectral density, and non-dimensional trajectory, were investigated in detail. The results show that the downstream model begin to strongly vibrate when the wind speed is above a critical value, and the WIV is dominated by the in-plane oscillation, which is consistent with those observed from an elastic model test in previous reports. However, different from the previous experimental results, three critical reduced speeds were observed, and four reduced speed ranges were proposed according to the response characteristics of WIV. The reasons for the response characteristics of WIV are qualitatively analyzed. The wake stiffness and the drag force effect are the main reasons that the dominating frequency of WIV is always higher than the fundamental frequency and increases with the wind speed.

ACS Style

Haiquan Jing; Fangying Huang; Xuhui He; Chang Cai. Wake-induced vibrations of tandem flexible cable models in a wind tunnel. Ocean Engineering 2021, 233, 109188 .

AMA Style

Haiquan Jing, Fangying Huang, Xuhui He, Chang Cai. Wake-induced vibrations of tandem flexible cable models in a wind tunnel. Ocean Engineering. 2021; 233 ():109188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haiquan Jing; Fangying Huang; Xuhui He; Chang Cai. 2021. "Wake-induced vibrations of tandem flexible cable models in a wind tunnel." Ocean Engineering 233, no. : 109188.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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An aeroelastic model design method of a complicated steel truss arch tower was proposed and the response features subjected to skew incident wind forces were presented via experimental approach. At the geometric scaling of 1:40, the bars of aeroelastic model were designed and manufactured with scaled appearance, of which the rigidities are scaled based on the classification grouping to the dimensions and weights are compensated. The buckling analysis and checking calculation of members’ slenderness ratio were carried out. Wind tunnel tests on the completed stage and two key construction stages were conducted with various skew incident angles. Otherwise, the sensitivity coefficient of the y directional extreme displacement for the completed tower in turbulent flow was analyzed. The results show that the wind load in y direction has much more effect on the structure and the wind induced responses meet the design requirements. The maximum y directional extreme displacement at the reference wind speed appears within the range of wind incident angles 0°~30°. The decrease trend of the y directional extreme displacement of the completed tower in turbulent flow in the wind incident angle range of 30°~80° is bigger than that in other angles.

ACS Style

Ling Yao Li; Shi Chang He; Xu Hui He. Aeroelastic model design and sensitivity analysis of a complicated steel truss arch tower to skew incident winds based on wind tunnel tests. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2021, 214, 104646 .

AMA Style

Ling Yao Li, Shi Chang He, Xu Hui He. Aeroelastic model design and sensitivity analysis of a complicated steel truss arch tower to skew incident winds based on wind tunnel tests. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2021; 214 ():104646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Yao Li; Shi Chang He; Xu Hui He. 2021. "Aeroelastic model design and sensitivity analysis of a complicated steel truss arch tower to skew incident winds based on wind tunnel tests." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 214, no. : 104646.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Engineering Structures
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In this work, some further insights of a composite implicit time integration scheme proposed by Wen et al. are presented. The local truncation error of the proposed scheme is first derived, and analytical accuracy solution is thus acquired as well as the optimal value of algorithmic parameter. The influence of approximate loads on computation accuracy of the proposed scheme is quantified by local truncation errors. More detailed analysis is conducted to demonstrate the desirable performance of the proposed scheme on accuracy, stability and numerical dissipation properties. The calculation procedure of the presented scheme for seismic response is proposed. Numerical examples demonstrate the presented scheme possesses desirable accuracy and efficiency for seismic response analysis when compared with other representative schemes.

ACS Style

Tianhao Liu; Fanglin Huang; Weibin Wen; Xuhui He; Shengyu Duan; Daining Fang. Further insights of a composite implicit time integration scheme and its performance on linear seismic response analysis. Engineering Structures 2021, 241, 112490 .

AMA Style

Tianhao Liu, Fanglin Huang, Weibin Wen, Xuhui He, Shengyu Duan, Daining Fang. Further insights of a composite implicit time integration scheme and its performance on linear seismic response analysis. Engineering Structures. 2021; 241 ():112490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianhao Liu; Fanglin Huang; Weibin Wen; Xuhui He; Shengyu Duan; Daining Fang. 2021. "Further insights of a composite implicit time integration scheme and its performance on linear seismic response analysis." Engineering Structures 241, no. : 112490.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2021 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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High-speed trains experience a sharp transition to a strong crosswind environment when running in a bridge–tunnel section due to the perennial prevailing crosswind in the canyon, and this sudden transition seriously affects train safety. In this study, a 3D computational fluid dynamics numerical model of the train–tunnel–bridge–wind barrier is established based on the delayed detached eddy simulation turbulence model and porous media theory. A dynamic analysis model of wind–train–bridge coupling is adopted. The effects of wind barrier with a height of 3 ​m and porosity of 30% on the aerodynamic coefficient, flow field structure and running safety of high-speed trains under crosswind in the bridge–tunnel section are studied. Results indicate that the sharp change effect of the aerodynamic coefficient is significantly weakened by more than 50% by the wind barrier. The aerodynamic fluctuation amplitudes in the bridge–tunnel section are 1.25–5.5 times higher than those in the bridge section. The difference in pressure distribution in the longitudinal direction is significantly reduced because of the obstruction and diversion of the wind barrier and the space limitation on the windward side. Accordingly, the change in amplitude of the aerodynamic coefficients in the bridge–tunnel section is reduced, and so is the safety of train operation. The bridge–tunnel section is the weak link of safety control. Using a wind barrier with the same parameters for the bridge and bridge–tunnel sections is unreasonable, that is, the parameters should be separately designed.

ACS Style

E. Deng; Weichao Yang; Xuhui He; Zhihui Zhu; Hanfeng Wang; Youwu Wang; Ang Wang; Lei Zhou. Aerodynamic response of high-speed trains under crosswind in a bridge-tunnel section with or without a wind barrier. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2021, 210, 104502 .

AMA Style

E. Deng, Weichao Yang, Xuhui He, Zhihui Zhu, Hanfeng Wang, Youwu Wang, Ang Wang, Lei Zhou. Aerodynamic response of high-speed trains under crosswind in a bridge-tunnel section with or without a wind barrier. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2021; 210 ():104502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Deng; Weichao Yang; Xuhui He; Zhihui Zhu; Hanfeng Wang; Youwu Wang; Ang Wang; Lei Zhou. 2021. "Aerodynamic response of high-speed trains under crosswind in a bridge-tunnel section with or without a wind barrier." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 210, no. : 104502.

Research article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Advances in Structural Engineering
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This study presents an investigation to quantify the aerodynamics of truss bridge-girders via wind tunnel test and kriging surrogate model. Currently, the conventional methods documented in design specifications only take into consideration the mean drag force at null attack angle. To gain an in-depth understanding on the aerodynamics of truss bridge-girders, experiments on simplified bridge-girder models with various geometric parameters were carried out in uniform flow. A total of 15 truss bridge-girder models with aspect ratio (the ratio of width to height) B/D = 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, and 2.2, solidity ratio (the ratio of projected to envelope areas) Φ = 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40, and two typical truss topologies (Warren and Pratt trusses) were examined in the most concerned range of wind angle of attack α = [–6°, 6°]. These truss bridge-girder models cover most of the high-speed railway bridges widely used in China. Experimental results show that the truss topology has limited effects on the aerodynamics of truss bridge-girders, whereas the effects of α, B/D, and Φ are significant. Based on these wind tunnel results, the ordinary kriging surrogate model was utilized to approximate the aerodynamics of truss bridge-girders. In using this model, aerodynamic force values for test cases can be interpolated with zero variance and uncertainties in unsampled design zones where geometric parameters can be quantified with Gaussian variance.

ACS Style

Huan Li; Xuhui He; Liang Hu; Guoji Xu. Quantification of aerodynamic forces for truss bridge-girders based on wind tunnel test and kriging surrogate model. Advances in Structural Engineering 2021, 24, 2161 -2175.

AMA Style

Huan Li, Xuhui He, Liang Hu, Guoji Xu. Quantification of aerodynamic forces for truss bridge-girders based on wind tunnel test and kriging surrogate model. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2021; 24 (10):2161-2175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huan Li; Xuhui He; Liang Hu; Guoji Xu. 2021. "Quantification of aerodynamic forces for truss bridge-girders based on wind tunnel test and kriging surrogate model." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 10: 2161-2175.

Research article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Advances in Structural Engineering
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This paper focuses on the aerodynamic characteristics of trains on a non-uniform double-track railway bridge under crosswinds through a scaled 1:40 sectional model wind tunnel test. Pressure measurements of five cross-sections of two types of trains, one with round roof and one with blunt roof, at the upstream and downstream tracks of the bridge were conducted under crosswinds with wind attack angles between −12° and 12°. The mean wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles around the windward surface of the train in the downwind and upward directions were also measured using cobra probe to obtain the boundary layer above the bridge surface. The results show that the shapes of train and bridge, as well as the wind attack angle, affect the aerodynamic characteristic of the train on the non-uniform bridge girder. The mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients are similar for all five cross-sections of the trains while the train is at the upstream track. However, when the train is at the downstream track, the extreme mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients around the windward and top surfaces of each cross-section on the train are different. At the downstream track, the mean wind speed profile and the turbulence intensity profile around the top of the train vary dramatically due to the separation flow caused by the leading edge of the bridge girder.

ACS Style

Kehui Yu; Xuhui He; Chenzhi Cai; Lei Yan; Yunfeng Zou. Aerodynamic characteristics of trains on a viaduct with non-uniform cross-section under crosswinds by wind tunnel tests. Advances in Structural Engineering 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Kehui Yu, Xuhui He, Chenzhi Cai, Lei Yan, Yunfeng Zou. Aerodynamic characteristics of trains on a viaduct with non-uniform cross-section under crosswinds by wind tunnel tests. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kehui Yu; Xuhui He; Chenzhi Cai; Lei Yan; Yunfeng Zou. 2021. "Aerodynamic characteristics of trains on a viaduct with non-uniform cross-section under crosswinds by wind tunnel tests." Advances in Structural Engineering , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Engineering Structures
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The system fragility method was used to evaluate the seismic structural systems and seismic mitigation devices for a cable-stayed bridge with three super-tall towers. Firstly, a three-dimensional numerical model of a four-span cable-stayed bridge with middle-tower height of 332 m was simulated using OpenSEES, which accounted for the material and geometric nonlinearities; 80 actual ground motions were chosen for conducting time history analysis. Secondly, the fragility curves of the components and the system were derived using general fragility theory and Product of the Conditional Marginal theory, respectively. Then, three longitudinal seismic structural systems were evaluated. Finally, under the optimal seismic structural system, the optimal parameters of the longitudinal fluid viscous damper and cable restrainer were obtained using the response surface method, and the mitigation effects of the fluid viscous damper and the cable restrainer with optimal parameters were compared using fragility curves. The results show that different structural systems and mitigation devices have significant influence on the damage control of displacement and stay cable force. The super-tall tower cable-stayed bridge with a partial constraint system of the consolidated middle tower and floating side towers has the lowest damage probability; and the longitudinal fluid viscous damper and cable restrainer can achieve a certain mitigation effect, however, the fluid viscous damper has better effect. Therefore, the partial constraint system and fluid viscous damper should be used in the longitudinal direction of the multiple super-tall-tower cable-stayed bridge.

ACS Style

Biao Wei; Zhangliang Hu; Xuhui He; Lizhong Jiang. System-based probabilistic evaluation of longitudinal seismic control for a cable-stayed bridge with three super-tall towers. Engineering Structures 2020, 229, 111586 .

AMA Style

Biao Wei, Zhangliang Hu, Xuhui He, Lizhong Jiang. System-based probabilistic evaluation of longitudinal seismic control for a cable-stayed bridge with three super-tall towers. Engineering Structures. 2020; 229 ():111586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biao Wei; Zhangliang Hu; Xuhui He; Lizhong Jiang. 2020. "System-based probabilistic evaluation of longitudinal seismic control for a cable-stayed bridge with three super-tall towers." Engineering Structures 229, no. : 111586.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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The infrastructure types such as bridge-tunnel connection have become increasingly common along the high-speed railway lines in rugged terrains. The deterioration of traffic safety is inevitable when evoking the sudden variation of aerodynamic load when a train is running at the junction of two infrastructure scenarios (bridge to tunnel or tunnel to bridge) in a windy environment. This study is dedicated to discussing the temporal characteristic of aerodynamic loads acting on a three-car train by simulating an actual running process—running on an tunnel–bridge–tunnel infrastructure in canyon wind environment (TBT-W)—in the CFD software. The dynamic responses of the train when running in the TBT-W scenario, including the displacement and acceleration parameters, the wheel–rail response and the traffic safety indices, are analysed by constructing a wind–train–bridge dynamic coupled system. Results show that the deterioration effect of traffic safety does exist because of the sudden variation in aerodynamic impact at the junction of two infrastructure scenarios with respect to the single infrastructure scenario of bridge under crosswind; the time-resolved effects caused by the rapid transformation of train running scenario remarkably increase the fluctuation amplitudes of the aerodynamic forces and moments; the sudden variation effect of aerodynamic loads when a high-speed train runs in the transition section of tunnel–bridge is more remarkable than that at the bridge–tunnel junction; the wheels in the leeward side, especially for the leading vehicle, present the highest safety risk when running at the tunnel–bridge junction due to the high values of the traffic safety indices.

ACS Style

Weichao Yang; E. Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Xuhui He; Youwu Wang. Deterioration of dynamic response during high-speed train travelling in tunnel–bridge–tunnel scenario under crosswinds. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2020, 106, 103627 .

AMA Style

Weichao Yang, E. Deng, Zhihui Zhu, Xuhui He, Youwu Wang. Deterioration of dynamic response during high-speed train travelling in tunnel–bridge–tunnel scenario under crosswinds. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2020; 106 ():103627.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weichao Yang; E. Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Xuhui He; Youwu Wang. 2020. "Deterioration of dynamic response during high-speed train travelling in tunnel–bridge–tunnel scenario under crosswinds." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 106, no. : 103627.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Materials
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Wind barrier structures on railway bridges are installed to mitigate the wind effects on travelling trains; however, they cause additional wind loads and associated aerodynamic effects on the bridge. An innovative concept was developed for a wind barrier structure in this study that used a glass–fibre–reinforced polymer (GFRP) that may deform properly when subjected to a crosswind. Such deformation then allows for wind to pass, therefore reducing the wind loads transferred to the bridge. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a 1/40-scale train and bridge models with the proposed GFRP barrier subjected to airflow at different speeds up to 20 m/s. The side-force and overturning-moment coefficients of both the train and the bridge were evaluated to characterise the aerodynamic effects. The results show that favourable side-force and overturning-moment coefficients of the train were provided by wind barriers taller than 10 cm. The aerodynamic coefficients of the train were not significantly affected by the airflow speeds; meanwhile, the overturning-moment coefficient of the bridge decreased with the increase in airflow speed due to smaller wind resistance of the barrier after deformation. A numerical analysis was conducted on both the reduced- and full-scale models of the train–barrier–bridge system and the results supported the findings obtained from the wind tunnel experiments.

ACS Style

Yiqing Dai; Xuewei Dai; Yu Bai; Xuhui He. Aerodynamic Performance of an Adaptive GFRP Wind Barrier Structure for Railway Bridges. Materials 2020, 13, 4214 .

AMA Style

Yiqing Dai, Xuewei Dai, Yu Bai, Xuhui He. Aerodynamic Performance of an Adaptive GFRP Wind Barrier Structure for Railway Bridges. Materials. 2020; 13 (18):4214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiqing Dai; Xuewei Dai; Yu Bai; Xuhui He. 2020. "Aerodynamic Performance of an Adaptive GFRP Wind Barrier Structure for Railway Bridges." Materials 13, no. 18: 4214.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2020 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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Accidents, such as deflections, side slips, and even rolls, can easily occur when road vehicles moving on the bridge deck at high speed are subjected to sudden changes owing to strong crosswinds. Wind barriers are an effective way to ensure the driving safety of vehicles on the bridge but with potential negative influences on the aerodynamic performance. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the shielding effect of wind barriers on road vehicles by assessing the overall impact on the vehicle–bridge system. To optimize the wind-barrier scheme, a series of wind tunnel tests is conducted to evaluate the effects of barrier parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind-vehicle-bridge system. In this study, the aerodynamic force coefficients of the wind–vehicle–bridge system installed with wind barriers with four different heights and three ventilation ratios were investigated. With wind barriers installed on the bridge deck, dynamic responses of the wind–vehicle–bridge system were simulated with the proposed prediction procedures as those used in an earlier study. Results show that wind barriers on the bridge deck have significant influences on the aerodynamic force coefficients of the bridge, especially on the side-force coefficients, and on the dynamic responses of the wind–vehicle–bridge system. Additionally, the increase of the barrier height and the decrease of the barrier ventilation ratio considerably increase and decrease the lateral and torsional displacements of the bridge and the vehicles, respectively, but with only minor influence on the vertical displacements of both bridges and vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to include the wind barrier in both experimental and numerical simulations of the wind-road vehicle-bridge system to explore the effect of different barrier parameters on the wind-vehicle-bridge system.

ACS Style

Fanrong Xue; Yan Han; Yunfeng Zou; Xuhui He; Suren Chen. Effects of wind-barrier parameters on dynamic responses of wind-road vehicle–bridge system. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2020, 206, 104367 .

AMA Style

Fanrong Xue, Yan Han, Yunfeng Zou, Xuhui He, Suren Chen. Effects of wind-barrier parameters on dynamic responses of wind-road vehicle–bridge system. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2020; 206 ():104367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanrong Xue; Yan Han; Yunfeng Zou; Xuhui He; Suren Chen. 2020. "Effects of wind-barrier parameters on dynamic responses of wind-road vehicle–bridge system." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 206, no. : 104367.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2020 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are mainly mounted on the ground and on roofs. Recently, cable-supported PV modules have been proposed to replace traditional beams using suspension cables to bear the loads of the PV modules. These modules have a long span, are lightweight, can bear strong loads, can be adapted to complex terrains, and provide an excellent supplement to traditional structures in special sites such as sewage treatment plants, highways, farms, fishponds, and roofs with poor load-bearing conditions. However, because the cable-supported PV modules also possess high flexibility and low damping, they are prone to large vibrations under wind excitation. In the present study, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted to simulate the wind-induced vibration (WIV) of a type of cable-supported PV modules. Strong vibrations were observed when the wind speed was above a critical value. The response characteristics were investigated in detail, and a suppression measure was proposed according to the response characteristics. Finally, the proposed measure successfully suppressed the WIV of the cable-supported PV modules.

ACS Style

Xu-Hui He; Hao Ding; Hai-Quan Jing; Fang Zhang; Xiao-Ping Wu; Xiao-Jun Weng. Wind-induced vibration and its suppression of photovoltaic modules supported by suspension cables. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2020, 206, 104275 .

AMA Style

Xu-Hui He, Hao Ding, Hai-Quan Jing, Fang Zhang, Xiao-Ping Wu, Xiao-Jun Weng. Wind-induced vibration and its suppression of photovoltaic modules supported by suspension cables. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2020; 206 ():104275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu-Hui He; Hao Ding; Hai-Quan Jing; Fang Zhang; Xiao-Ping Wu; Xiao-Jun Weng. 2020. "Wind-induced vibration and its suppression of photovoltaic modules supported by suspension cables." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 206, no. : 104275.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of helical fillets on dynamic ice accretion process over the surfaces of bridge stay cables and evaluate its effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the stay cables under both dry rime and wet glaze icing conditions. The experimental study was performed in the Icing Research Tunnel of Iowa State University (i.e., ISU-IRT). Four bridge stay cable models, including a standard plain cable model and three helical filleted cable models of different helical pitch lengths, were used for the experimental investigation. During the experiment, in addition to using a high-speed imaging system to record the dynamic ice accretion process over the cable surfaces, a Digital Image Projection (DIP) based 3D scanning system was also utilized to quantify the 3D shapes of the ice structures accreted on the test models. While a high-resolution digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to characterize the wake flows behind the cable models during the ice accreting process, the time variations of the aerodynamic drag forces acting on the test models were also measured by using a pair of force/moment transducers mounted at two ends of the cable models. It was found that, under the rime icing condition, the helical filleted cable models accreted more ice structures than the standard plain cable model. However, the helical filleted cable models were found to have less ice accretion under the wet glaze icing condition. The pitch length of the helical fillets was also found to affect the ice accretion process substantially. Under the rime icing condition, while the aerodynamic drag forces acting on the cable models were found to decrease continuously with more rime ice accreting over the cable surfaces, the drag reduction due to the rime ice accretion was found to be less obvious for the helical filleted cable models, in comparison with that obtained for the standard plain cable model. Under the glaze icing condition, the aerodynamic drag forces acting on the cable models were found to decrease quickly at the initial stage of the glaze icing process, and then increase gradually with the increasing ice accretion time at the later stage of the ice accreting process. PIV flow field measurements were correlated with the force measurement data to elucidate the underlying physics for a better understanding of the variation characteristics of the aerodynamic forces acting on the cable models under different icing conditions.

ACS Style

Yihua Peng; Ramsankar Veerakumar; Yang Liu; Xuhui He; Hui Hu. An experimental study on dynamic ice accretion and its effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of stay cables with and without helical fillets. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2020, 205, 104326 .

AMA Style

Yihua Peng, Ramsankar Veerakumar, Yang Liu, Xuhui He, Hui Hu. An experimental study on dynamic ice accretion and its effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of stay cables with and without helical fillets. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2020; 205 ():104326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yihua Peng; Ramsankar Veerakumar; Yang Liu; Xuhui He; Hui Hu. 2020. "An experimental study on dynamic ice accretion and its effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of stay cables with and without helical fillets." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 205, no. : 104326.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2020 in Advances in Structural Engineering
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Accurately quantifying the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and long-span bridges is critical for assessing the safety of moving vehicles on bridges which are subjected to strong wind. It is necessary to consider the aerodynamic interference between vehicles and the bridge, especially for this with the bluff body section and wind barriers. However, very few investigations have been carried out to find aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles on a bridge with the bluff body section and considering the effect of wind barrier. This article therefore carried out wind tunnel tests to determine aerodynamic coefficients of container truck on a bridge with a π-cross section and wind barriers. The influence of vehicle position in different road lanes of the bridge deck and the aerodynamic interference between vehicles on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and the bridge are investigated. Different heights and ventilation ratios of wind barrier are taken into consideration to examine variations of aerodynamic coefficients with different wind barriers. Furthermore, the change mechanism in the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicles is observed by analyzing the wind pressure distribution on the surface of the vehicles. The test results show that the different lane locations of the vehicle affect the aerodynamic coefficients significantly, as well as the aerodynamic interference between vehicles with transverse arrangement or longitudinal arrangement, especially for the side force coefficient. The existence of wind barrier reduces the side force coefficients of the vehicle remarkably. Such effects also vary with the ventilation ratio and height of wind barrier.

ACS Style

Xuhui He; Fanrong Xue; Yunfeng Zou; Suren Chen; Yan Han; Bing Du; Xiangdong Xu; Baihu Ma. Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges. Advances in Structural Engineering 2020, 23, 2882 -2897.

AMA Style

Xuhui He, Fanrong Xue, Yunfeng Zou, Suren Chen, Yan Han, Bing Du, Xiangdong Xu, Baihu Ma. Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2020; 23 (13):2882-2897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuhui He; Fanrong Xue; Yunfeng Zou; Suren Chen; Yan Han; Bing Du; Xiangdong Xu; Baihu Ma. 2020. "Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13: 2882-2897.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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The running safety risk of a high-speed train (HST) deteriorates remarkably under crosswind when the train drives into a bridge from a tunnel (OUT) or from a bridge into a tunnel (IN). This study aims to reveal the difference in the aerodynamic performance of HSTs in the two processes in terms of transient aerodynamic loads and flow field. A calculation approach for aerodynamic loads in which the carriage surface is divided into segments in longitudinal and circumferential directions is proposed to obtain the real-life time history of aerodynamic loads. The main results can provide a theoretical basis for traffic safety command when HSTs run in an infrastructure scenario consisting of tunnel–bridge–tunnel (ISTBT). In the presence of crosswinds, the maximum fluctuation amplitudes of five aerodynamic coefficients in the processes ‘OUT’ and ‘IN’ are increased by 2.1–83.8 and 4.0–84.3 times, respectively. The fluctuation amplitudes of five aerodynamic coefficients in the process ‘IN’ are generally 1.01–2.32 times larger than those in the process ‘OUT’ in a crosswind environment. A large resultant wind angle causes the fluctuation amplitudes in the five aerodynamic coefficients in the process ‘IN’ to be larger than those in the process ‘OUT’. The maximum fluctuation amplitude of aerodynamic coefficients in leading and tail carriages is the key to controlling traffic safety when HSTs run in ISTBT in a crosswind environment.

ACS Style

E Deng; Weichao Yang; Xuhui He; Yichao Ye; Zhihui Zhu; Ang Wang. Transient aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains when passing through an infrastructure consisting of tunnel–bridge–tunnel under crosswind. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2020, 102, 103440 .

AMA Style

E Deng, Weichao Yang, Xuhui He, Yichao Ye, Zhihui Zhu, Ang Wang. Transient aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains when passing through an infrastructure consisting of tunnel–bridge–tunnel under crosswind. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2020; 102 ():103440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E Deng; Weichao Yang; Xuhui He; Yichao Ye; Zhihui Zhu; Ang Wang. 2020. "Transient aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains when passing through an infrastructure consisting of tunnel–bridge–tunnel under crosswind." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 102, no. : 103440.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2020 in Sensors
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Digital image projection (DIP) with traditional vertical calibration cannot be used for measuring the water droplets/film on a curved surface, because significant systematic error will be introduced. An improved DIP technique with normal calibration is proposed in the present paper, including the principles, operation procedures and analysis of systematic errors, which was successfully applied to measuring the water droplets/film on a curved surface. By comparing the results of laser profiler, traditional DIP, improved DIP and theoretical analysis, advantages of the present improved DIP technique are highlighted.

ACS Style

Lingwei Zeng; Hanfeng Wang; Ying Li; Xuhui He. Measurement for the Thickness of Water Droplets/Film on a Curved Surface with Digital Image Projection (DIP) Technique. Sensors 2020, 20, 2409 .

AMA Style

Lingwei Zeng, Hanfeng Wang, Ying Li, Xuhui He. Measurement for the Thickness of Water Droplets/Film on a Curved Surface with Digital Image Projection (DIP) Technique. Sensors. 2020; 20 (8):2409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingwei Zeng; Hanfeng Wang; Ying Li; Xuhui He. 2020. "Measurement for the Thickness of Water Droplets/Film on a Curved Surface with Digital Image Projection (DIP) Technique." Sensors 20, no. 8: 2409.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The interior noise and vibration of metro vehicles have been the subject of increasing concern in recent years with the development of the urban metro systems. However, there still is a lack of experimental studies regarding the interior noise and vibration of metro vehicles. Therefore, overnight field experiments of the interior noise and vibration of a standard B-type metro train running on a viaduct were conducted on metro line 14 of Guangzhou (China). Both the A-weighted sound pressure level and linear sound pressure level were used to evaluate the interior noise signals in order to revel the underestimation of the low-frequency noise components. The results show that the interior noise concentrates in the low-to-middle frequency range. Increasing train speeds have significant effects on the sound pressure level inside the vehicle. However, two obvious frequency ranges (125–250 Hz and 400–1000 Hz) with respective corresponding center frequencies (160 Hz and 800 Hz) of the interior noise are nearly independent of train speed. The spectrum analysis of the vehicle body vibration shows that the frequency peak of the floor corresponds to the first frequency peak of the interior noise spectrum. There are two frequency peaks around 40 Hz and 160 Hz of the sidewall’s acceleration level. The frequency peaks of the acceleration level are also independent of the train speeds. It hopes that the field measurements in this paper can provide a data set for researchers for further investigations and can contribute to the countermeasures for reducing interior noise and vibration of a metro vehicle.

ACS Style

Lei Yan; Zhou Chen; Yunfeng Zou; Xuhui He; Chenzhi Cai; Kehui Yu; Xiaojie Zhu. Field Study of the Interior Noise and Vibration of a Metro Vehicle Running on a Viaduct: A Case Study in Guangzhou. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2807 .

AMA Style

Lei Yan, Zhou Chen, Yunfeng Zou, Xuhui He, Chenzhi Cai, Kehui Yu, Xiaojie Zhu. Field Study of the Interior Noise and Vibration of a Metro Vehicle Running on a Viaduct: A Case Study in Guangzhou. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yan; Zhou Chen; Yunfeng Zou; Xuhui He; Chenzhi Cai; Kehui Yu; Xiaojie Zhu. 2020. "Field Study of the Interior Noise and Vibration of a Metro Vehicle Running on a Viaduct: A Case Study in Guangzhou." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2807.