Optimizing the anticoagulation therapy is of pivotal importance in patients with a malignant tumor, as venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become the second-leading cause of death in this population. Cancer can highly increase the risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Consequently, the management of cancer-associated VTE is complex. In recent years, translational research has intensified, and several studies have highlighted the role of inflammatory cytokines in cancer growth and progression. Simultaneously, the pleiotropic effects of anticoagulants currently recommended for VTE have emerged. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of both direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LWMHs).

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a global health concern and reducing plasma LDL-C levels is a major goal in cardiovascular prevention. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutraceutical formulation including leucoselect^® phytosome^®, red yeast rice, policosanol and folic acid on LDL-c levels in patients at low cardiovascular risk with dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled all consecutive patients with dyslipidemia at low cardiovascular risk who were unresponsive to diet and physical activity. Clinical assessments and laboratory analyses, encompassing lipid profile, hepatic function, and CPK levels, were performed at baseline prior to initiating treatment and repeated at the 12-week mark following administration of the study nutraceutical. Results: Sixty (60) consecutive patients (mean age 48.02 ± 10.1 years; 60% male) were included. At the 12-week follow-up, a statistically significant reduction in Total Cholesterol (13.1%) and LDL-c serum level (20.4%) was observed. Hepatic and muscular function remain stable over the time. The adherence to therapy was 99% and the persistence was maximum. Conclusions: The nutraceutical formulation including leucoselect^® phytosome^® red yeast rice, policosanol and folic acid significantly reduced the LDL-c plasma levels, consistent with previous research showing that the bioactive component in red yeast rice—lovastatin—is effective in addressing problems with lipid metabolism. Importantly, it was safe and well-tolerated among patients with dyslipidemia in a real-world setting.