The dropper is one of the core components of the high speed railway catenary and dropper failure will lead to serious transportation accidents. It is very important to carry out dropper failure and defect detection. There are a large number of droppers installed in the catenary. The dropper images are collected by the high-definition camera installed on the top of the moving catenary inspection vehicles. The image quality and image consistency are poor, and it is very difficult to identify dropper defects automatically. The railway department and companies lack efficient and intelligent detection methods. This article innovatively proposes a multialgorithm fusion image processing technology, and builds a dropper recognition and failure-defect detection model based on a deep learning algorithm and subpixel level dropper defect detection model, and achieves high accuracy dropper failure and defect detection. The detection model based on the Faster R-CNN algorithm is studied to realize the positioning and recognition of the dropper and the failure detection of bending slack and broken dropper. The subpixel level dropper defect detection algorithm is based on the fusion of the image preprocessing, dropper fine positioning algorithm, edge fitting and bending zoom algorithms, the Hough transform algorithm, and so on. These can be used to realize detection of defects, such as microdeformation, dropper-strands loosened, dropper-strands broken, and foreign body adhesions. The test is verified by the catenary images taken from a practical high speed railway. The detection accuracy, real-time performance, and stability of the algorithm meet the needs of inspection and maintenance for a high speed railway.

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