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Cadmium (Cd) is a metalloid present in agricultural soils and harmful for human health. A large part of the Cd entering into the soil can be fixed, while another portion can contribute to increasing availability indices of this element (residual effect). The present study evaluated Cd residual effect and Cd fixation derived from anthropic applications at four locations in Chile during two seasons. Three crop rotations were used, which included white lupine (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) as the first crop and durum wheat as the second crop. Results indicated that the anthropic application of Cd to the soil, in the three crop rotations and at the four locations under study, exhibited a low residual effect in the next season and null effect two seasons after its application. Among the three preceding crops of each rotation, the highest effect on Cd residuality in both seasons was achieved using both lupines, especially narrow-leafed lupine. The Cd fixation coefficient in the upper 0.2 m of soil in the three crop rotations and at the four locations was very high, and it was greater than 99.9% in all cases.
Juan Hirzel; Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Ingrid Walter; Iván Matus. Fixation Coefficient and Soil Residual Effect of Cadmium Application on Three Biannual Crop Rotations at Four Locations in Chile. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2019, 19, 450 -462.
AMA StyleJuan Hirzel, Jorge Retamal-Salgado, Ingrid Walter, Iván Matus. Fixation Coefficient and Soil Residual Effect of Cadmium Application on Three Biannual Crop Rotations at Four Locations in Chile. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2019; 19 (2):450-462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Hirzel; Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Ingrid Walter; Iván Matus. 2019. "Fixation Coefficient and Soil Residual Effect of Cadmium Application on Three Biannual Crop Rotations at Four Locations in Chile." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 19, no. 2: 450-462.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals commonly present in soils that is toxic for living organisms and carcinogenic in humans. The uptake of Cd by a crop depends on various factors such as soil properties, plant-soil interaction, fertilizer management, and previous crop. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the residual effect of three Cd rates applied in three preceding crops (durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var durum], white lupine [Lupinus albus L.], and narrow-leafed lupine [Lupineus angustifolius L.]) on total dry matter, grain yield, and Cd concentration and uptake in three durum wheat cultivars in four environments. The residual effect of a cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dose applied in the preceding crop to durum wheat was affected by location and previous crop, with the greatest effect in La Serena with narrow-leafed lupines as the preceding crop. Finally, in soils where a critical level of Cd is present, narrow-leafed lupines should not be used as a previous crop to durum wheat.
J. Hirzel; J. Retamal-Salgado; I. Walter; I. Matus. Residual effect of cadmium applications in different crop rotations and environments on durum wheat cadmium accumulation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2018, 74, 41 -50.
AMA StyleJ. Hirzel, J. Retamal-Salgado, I. Walter, I. Matus. Residual effect of cadmium applications in different crop rotations and environments on durum wheat cadmium accumulation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 2018; 74 (1):41-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Hirzel; J. Retamal-Salgado; I. Walter; I. Matus. 2018. "Residual effect of cadmium applications in different crop rotations and environments on durum wheat cadmium accumulation." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74, no. 1: 41-50.
There is a worldwide increase of heavy metal or potentially toxic element (PTE), contamination in agricultural soils caused mainly by human and industrial action, which leads to food contamination in crops such as in maize. Cadmium (Cd) is a PTE often found in soils and it is ingested through food. It is necessary to determine the bioabsorption, distribution, and accumulation levels in maize to reduce or prevent food chain contamination. Cadmium absorption and accumulation in three maize cultivars were evaluated in three agricultural environments in Chile by increasing CdCl2 rates (0, 1, and 2 mg·kg−1). Evaluation included Cd accumulation and distribution in different plant tissues, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and tolerance index (TI). Cadmium whole-plant uptake was only affected by the CdCl2 rate; the highest uptake was obtained with 2 mg·kg−1 CdCl2 (34.4 g·ha−1) (p < 0.05). Cadmium distribution in the maize plant usually exhibited the highest accumulation in the straw (p < 0.05), independently of the environment, Cd rate, and evaluated cultivar. Given the results for TF (TF > 2) and BAF (BAF > 1), the Los Tilos and Chillán environments were classified as having a high capacity to contaminate the food chain for all evaluated cultivars.
Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Juan Hirzel; Ingrid Walter; Iván Matus. Bioabsorption and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in the Straw and Grain of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Growing Soils Contaminated with Cadmium in Different Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 1399 .
AMA StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado, Juan Hirzel, Ingrid Walter, Iván Matus. Bioabsorption and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in the Straw and Grain of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Growing Soils Contaminated with Cadmium in Different Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (11):1399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado; Juan Hirzel; Ingrid Walter; Iván Matus. 2017. "Bioabsorption and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in the Straw and Grain of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Growing Soils Contaminated with Cadmium in Different Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1399.
Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Robert Vásquez; Susana Fischer; Juan Hirzel; Nelson Zapata. Decrease in artificial radiation with netting reduces stress and improves rabbit-eye blueberry ( Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) ‘Ochlockonee’ productivity. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2017, 77, 226 -233.
AMA StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado, Robert Vásquez, Susana Fischer, Juan Hirzel, Nelson Zapata. Decrease in artificial radiation with netting reduces stress and improves rabbit-eye blueberry ( Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) ‘Ochlockonee’ productivity. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2017; 77 (3):226-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado; Robert Vásquez; Susana Fischer; Juan Hirzel; Nelson Zapata. 2017. "Decrease in artificial radiation with netting reduces stress and improves rabbit-eye blueberry ( Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) ‘Ochlockonee’ productivity." Chilean journal of agricultural research 77, no. 3: 226-233.
Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Ivan Matus; Ingrid Walter; Juan Hirzel. Absorption and distribution of cadmium of three maize hybrids in three environments. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado, Ivan Matus, Ingrid Walter, Juan Hirzel. Absorption and distribution of cadmium of three maize hybrids in three environments. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2017; (ahead):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado; Ivan Matus; Ingrid Walter; Juan Hirzel. 2017. "Absorption and distribution of cadmium of three maize hybrids in three environments." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , no. ahead: 1.
The increasing use of soils for agricultural purposes can expose some species that are important in the human diet, such as durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var durum), to absorb cadmium (Cd) in soils with high concentrations of this metal, with subsequent risk in the human health. The development of genotypes with low Cd accumulation, as well as the study of field conditions of different cultivar combinations, Cd soil concentrations, and environments, can contribute in generating foods with low Cd accumulation. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural zones in Chile (La Serena, Los Tilos, Chillán, and Temuco) with three durum wheat cultivars in soils where three increasing Cd rates were applied. Results indicated that applying Cd to the soil did not affect yield or biomass production in the plant. Cadmium accumulation in grains, straw, and roots was significantly affected by increasing Cd rates. Cadmium distribution in the plant was lower in the grains and straw and higher in the roots. Cadmium apparent recovery was lower than 0.8%, and it was not affected by the rate of soil Cd. All the evaluated parameters were influenced by the study location, and only some showed differences among cultivars. Of the three evaluated cultivars, only ‘Lleuque-INIA’ exhibited a Cd concentration that was lower than internationally characterized genotypes described as low Cd accumulators.
J. Hirzel; J. Retamal-Salgado; I. Walter; I. Matus. Cadmium accumulation and distribution in plants of three durum wheat cultivars under different agricultural environments in Chile. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2016, 72, 77 -88.
AMA StyleJ. Hirzel, J. Retamal-Salgado, I. Walter, I. Matus. Cadmium accumulation and distribution in plants of three durum wheat cultivars under different agricultural environments in Chile. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 2016; 72 (1):77-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Hirzel; J. Retamal-Salgado; I. Walter; I. Matus. 2016. "Cadmium accumulation and distribution in plants of three durum wheat cultivars under different agricultural environments in Chile." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 72, no. 1: 77-88.
Jorge Retamal-Salgado; Richard M Bastías; Rosemarie Wilckens; Leandro Paulino. Influence of microclimatic conditions under high tunnels on the physiological and productive responses in blueberry 'O'Neal'. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2015, 75, 291 -297.
AMA StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado, Richard M Bastías, Rosemarie Wilckens, Leandro Paulino. Influence of microclimatic conditions under high tunnels on the physiological and productive responses in blueberry 'O'Neal'. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2015; 75 (3):291-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Retamal-Salgado; Richard M Bastías; Rosemarie Wilckens; Leandro Paulino. 2015. "Influence of microclimatic conditions under high tunnels on the physiological and productive responses in blueberry 'O'Neal'." Chilean journal of agricultural research 75, no. 3: 291-297.