The objective of this study is to present a level shifter architecture that utilizes a pair of inverters and a Wilson current mirror to reduce power consumption while improving voltage shifting capabilities. We introduce novel components such as super-cut-off pull-down and stacked pull-up networks to effectively minimize leakage power. Our design leverages multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technology, incorporating sleep transistors to boost operational speed, decrease power consumption, and reduce the physical footprint. The proposed circuit is engineered to step up voltage levels, ranging from a mere 0.4 V to a substantial 1.2 V. Through extensive optimization of performance parameters, including power efficiency, delay, and area utilization, we have tailored this design to cater specifically to the demands of nano-scale applications. Key results from our research reveal that the average active power consumption for “level-up” shifts is impressively low at 48.5 nW, with an average latency of a mere 1.58 ns for 1 MHz transmission frequencies. Post-layout modeling demonstrates that our suggested design occupies a compact area of just 9.97 µm². These findings were meticulously modeled using Cadence Virtuoso with 45 nm processes. Furthermore, our research highlights the substantial advancements achieved when compared to previous methods. The proposed design boasts a threefold increase in operational speed and delivers significant savings in both area and power consumption. These outcomes have far-reaching implications for emerging technologies and applications in the field.

This paper presents the design and analysis of optical filters that are placed at the output of directly modulated vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) in the process of inexpensive transmitter’s implementation for upcoming generation optical access network. Generation of non return to zero (NRZ) optical signal from the transmitter for 110 km error-free single mode fiber (SMF) transmission at 10 Gb/s with bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻³⁰ in the absence of the external modulator and encoder was proposed. Effects of super-Gaussian and Butterworth optical filters at VCSEL output were demonstrated to maximize performance of SMF optical systems without need of any dispersion compensation technique.

This study proposes a modified 11-sided polygonal wideband MIMO antenna on a 1.6 mm FR4 substrate for next-generation wireless IoT applications. The antenna features a polygonal patch with a hook-shaped slot and a partial ground plane to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth of 3.725–7.525 GHz. Enhanced isolation is ensured through a partial ground structure with a decoupling element, maintaining S ₁₂ < –20 dB across resonant frequencies. It demonstrates excellent diversity performance with ECC < 0.4, DG of 10 dB, TARC < 0 dB, and CCL < 0.1 bits s ⁻¹ Hz ⁻¹ , along with a peak gain of 5.6 dB and 97% efficiency. The design supports applications including 5G sub-6 GHz (N79), V2X communication, WLAN, Wi-Fi, and Wi-Fi 6E. Additionally, all Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are below the safe limit of 1.6 W kg ⁻¹ , confirming its suitability for practical deployment.

Optical device research and development is crucial for the implementation of miniaturized wireless optical transmission systems that are capable of transmitting large amounts of data at fast speeds. This work presents the design and evaluation of an optical link for the inter-aircraft interconnects. At the transmitter, the vertically cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) is used to generate a directly modulated non-return to zero (NRZ) signal. In the receiver, direct detection and Gaussian low-pass filtering are used. The system’s performance is evaluated and compared with and without the use of filtration at the detector. BER, sensitivities, and data transmission capability are used to evaluate the performance of optical wireless systems using optisystem software. The range and data rate are enhanced 9-fold and 4-fold, respectively, in comparison to earlier schemes. The results presented show a transmission range of 750 km at a 23 Gbps data rate with a BER of 10⁻²⁹.