Natural products have been a long-standing source for exploring health-beneficial components from time immemorial. Modern science has had a renewed interest in natural-products-based drug discovery. The quest for new potential secondary metabolites or exploring enhanced activities for existing molecules remains a pertinent topic for research. Resveratrol belongs to the stilbenoid polyphenols group that encompasses two phenol rings linked by ethylene bonds. Several plant species and foods, including grape skin and seeds, are the primary source of this compound. Resveratrol is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory properties. Among the notable bioactivities associated with resveratrol, its pivotal role in safeguarding the intestinal barrier is highlighted for its capacity to prevent intestinal inflammation and regulate the gut microbiome. A better understanding of how oxidative stress can be controlled using resveratrol and its capability to protect the intestinal barrier from a gut microbiome perspective can shed more light on associated physiological conditions. Additionally, resveratrol exhibits antitumor activity, proving its potential for cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, cardioprotective, vasorelaxant, phytoestrogenic, and neuroprotective benefits have also been reported. The pharmaceutical industry continues to encounter difficulties administering resveratrol owing to its inadequate bioavailability and poor solubility, which must be addressed simultaneously. This report summarizes the currently available literature unveiling the pharmacological effects of resveratrol.

Seaweed cultivation is one of the most sustainable marine production systems. The economic and nutritional importance of seaweed is increasing because of its protein, vitamin, essential amino acid, and various bioactive compounds. It is a nutrient-dense “blue food” that can be grown without freshwater, fertilizers, or pesticides and has a rapid growth rate. It also provides ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient bioremediation. However, comparative analyses of the global seaweed sector across different economic groups remain limited. This review explores the socio-economic dimensions of seaweed production and consumption across different countries, highlighting differences in technological capacity and socio-economic conditions that influence the ability to transform it into nutritional, economic, and ecologically valuable marine resource. Developed countries such as Japan and South Korea have well-established seaweed industries that increasingly use advanced cultivation technologies and integrated production systems for high-value pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food applications. By contrast, commodity-scale production is dominated by developing countries such as China, Indonesia, and Philippines where the industries primarily focus on hydrocolloid production and value-added products. India is an emerging producer, with sectoral development supported by government initiatives. However, the sector remains constrained by uneven community participation, weak institutional coordination, inadequate infrastructure for seedling production, and fluctuating market prices. These challenges have created a substantial gap between production potential and actual socio-economic outcomes. These regions face inadequate infrastructure, limited technical capacity, weak value chains, low investment, and dietary practices that may constrain seaweed consumption. The sector also faces biological and environmental constraints. These include genetic vulnerability associated with limited cultivar diversity, disease susceptibility, and climate-related stresses. There is also uncertainty about the long-term permanence of carbon sequestration associated with seaweed cultivation because of limited monitoring, reporting, and verification systems. Nevertheless, region-specific technologies offer opportunities to address these disparities through artificial intelligence, satellite-based site selection, mobile disease diagnostics, automation, and genomic approaches. In addition, inclusive development requires greater emphasis on gender equity and equitable participation across the value chain. The study focuses to addresses current research gaps by critically comparing the development, cultivation systems, industrial applications, environmental impacts and policy aspects of the seaweed industry across developed, developing and least developed countries. From an economic perspective, it also integrates biological, technological, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects to evaluate obstacles and opportunities for a climate-resilient and high-value global seaweed industry. This study also compares the production and consumption trends across country groups, identifies disparities in access and utilization. It further explores potential pathways toward a circular blue economy that integrates sustainability, food security, technological innovation, and socioeconomic inclusion to facilitate a shift from biomass-based production to decentralized, value-added seaweed biorefinery systems.