Resumen Este artículo surge de un estudio historiográfico sobre la instalación de la escuela monocultural en la región de la Araucanía, en el sur de Chile entre 1883 y 1910. El objeto es analizar a la escuela como principal dispositivo de poder que permitió legitimar la instalación e implementación del curriculum nacional chileno en territorio mapuche. En esta investigación se piensa que la comprensión de los actuales problemas interculturales que se manifiestan entre los conocimientos mapuche y saberes propios de la sociedad occidental, tienen una explicación en el modo como se instaló y proyectó la escuela en la Araucanía a fines del siglo XIX. Con el análisis teórico documental que se realiza se pretende comprender la dinámica que adquirió la escuela en un diagrama disciplinario de poder-saber que se articuló desde la capital de la República de Chile, para lograr integrar a los mapuches al proyecto Estado-Nación que había sido pensado y soñado por los grupos dirigentes oligárquicos de Chile. Así, en este texto se exponen muestras empíricas de material de archivo que han sido confrontadas con fuentes secundarias que develan la presencia de nuevos actores, tales como inspectores, visitadores de escuelas, profesores, quienes asumieron la misión de concretar el curriculum prescrito republicano en territorio indígena. Fue posible encontrar que durante la instalación de la escuela monocultural a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos de la conmemoración del primer centenario de la Independencia de Chile no hubo contextualización curricular.

Teachers’ actions go beyond instruction, as their personal traits influence their teaching methods, problem-solving skills, and the quality of their relationships with students. Among these attributes, their prosocial competencies stand out for contributing to school, community, and social coexistence. Furthermore, the connection they have to resilience and self-efficacy promotes increased effectiveness in meeting the demands of an ever-more challenging work environment. This research aimed to analyze the effect of the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience on the prosocial behavior of Chilean elementary school teachers. The sample consisted of 1426 teachers (77.2% women) working in public and subsidized Chilean schools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) explored the relationships between self-efficacy, resilience, and prosocial behavior. The findings indicate that self-efficacy and resilience directly and positively affect the prosocial behavior of elementary school teachers. It is suggested that resilience, self-efficacy, and prosociality among teachers are promoted due to their synergistic effects and, consequently, the benefits for school children, especially those from vulnerable social contexts.

Education is essential for sustainable development. However, the social and emotional dimensions of learning—fundamental for building resilience and fostering prosocial behavior—are often overlooked. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of teacher resilience on prosocial behavior and feelings, mediated by self-efficacy beliefs, in a sample of Chilean elementary school teachers (N = 1426; average age = 41.5; 77.3% women). The proposed model fit the data well (χ² = 7337.051, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.054, SRMR = 0.051). Results showed that, as modeled, resilience had significant direct and indirect positive effects on prosocialness, mediated by self-efficacy. These findings suggest that strengthening resilience and self-efficacy in teachers is a key strategy for advancing socioemotional competencies and building inclusive, collaborative, and sustainable educational environments aligned with the goals of Education for Sustainable Development.

For the teaching profession, prosociality is a relevant skill. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in a professional setting of primary school Chilean teachers (n = 1404; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8; 77.4% women). ESEM and CFA were applied to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, factorial reliability, and invariance. The results supported a bifactor ESEM model in which prosociality was represented by a general latent factor and four specific factors (helping, sharing, caring, and empathy). A predominance of the unidimensional component of the APBS was observed (general factor, ECV = 0.938; ωh = 0.945), with adequate reliability (α = 0.932; ω of the factor general = 0.968) and invariance of the measurement in terms of gender. Its adequacy was confirmed by a good level of fit (RMSEA = 0.042 90%CI [0.036–0.049]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.988). It is concluded that the APBS is a suitable instrument to measure prosociality in the professional setting studied. Its general and specific dimensions are relevant to the prosocial behaviors currently required of teachers. Future studies could contribute evidence of the transcultural validation of the APBS in other educational contexts in order to undertake comparative studies.

El presente artículo explora algunos de los factores que explican el desempeño escolar. Para ello se identificaron y caracterizaron perfiles de estudiantes chilenos de octavo grado de primaria (media 13.65 años de edad/DS 0.74), en función de su desempeño académico en la prueba de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, y variables de contexto. La base de datos fue generada por el Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación de Chile (simce). La investigación se orientó desde el enfoque cuantitativo correlacional predictivo, utilizando el árbol de clasificación y regresión (cart). Las altas expectativas educacionales de la familia son el factor diferenciador más importante en el rendimiento escolar. Se discuten los resultados en función de la investigación y literatura generada respecto de estos temas.

The concept of resilience, identified as a crucial variable due to its association with several beneficial outcomes in adulthood, is of particular interest in the teaching field. Specifically, teachers work in a demanding, challenging, and stressful context that requires a remarkable ability to adapt; therefore, resilience is important in the field of teaching and training, as it plays a fundamental role in children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. This study sought to analyze the psychometric properties of the SV-RES60 Resilience Scale in a sample of Chilean elementary school teachers from first to eighth grade (N = 1406; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8). ESEM and bifactor ESEM analyses were performed to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, and reliability. The results supported a bifactor structure in which resilience was represented by one general latent factor and twelve specific factors (RMSEA = 0.032; 90%CI [0.030, 0.033]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.977). A predominance of the unidimensional components of the SV-RES60 (general factor, ECV = 0.812; ωh = 0.975) and a high reliability (α = 0.981; ω of the general factor = 0.991) were observed. In conclusion, the SV-RES60 Resilience Scale is a suitable instrument for measuring the general factor of resilience in the investigated teaching environment. Future studies could contribute towards evidence of a reduced scale and transcultural validation to conduct comparative studies.