Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between birth weight, and maternal serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) levels, and first-trimester fetal volume (FV) based on three-dimensional ultrasonography. Materials and methods: The study included 142 pregnant women at gestational week 11°–13⁶. All fetuses were imaged ultrasonographically by the same physician. Maternal blood samples were collected at the time of ultrasonographic evaluation and analyzed for IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal and neonatal weights were recorded at birth. Birth weight ≤10th and the >90th percentiles was defined as small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA), respectively. Results: Median crown-rump length (CRL), FV, and maternal serum IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels were 58.2 mm (35.3–79.2 mm), 16.3 cm³ (3.8–34.4 cm³), 68.1 ng mL⁻¹ (3.8–377.9 mL⁻¹), and 99.7 ng L⁻¹ (42.1–965.3 ng L⁻¹), respectively. First-trimester IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in the mothers with LGA neonates (p < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between CRL and FV, and between the IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels. IGFBP-1 levels and maternal weight at delivery were negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight. There was no correlation between CRL or FV and maternal IGFBP-1 or KISS1 levels (p > .05). The maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester was a significant independent factor for SGA and LGA neonates (Odds ratio (OR): 0.011, 95%CI: 1.005–1.018, p < .001; and OR: 1.297, 95%CI: 1.074–1.566, p = .007, respectively). There was no significant relationship between SGA or LGA, and CRL, FV, or the KISS-1 level. Conclusions: As compared to the maternal KISS-1 level, the maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester might be a better biomarker of fetal growth. Additional larger scale studies are needed to further delineate the utility of IGFBP-1 as a marker of abnormal birth weight.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anaerobic exercise on cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormones in elite level athletes according to gender. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 elite athletes, 8 females and 8 males, aged between 18 and 23 years and actively engaged in sports, participated in the study. Measurements of height, weight, blood and hormone levels were taken before and after exercise. The data obtained were evaluated using SPSS 23 software, and the Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney U test were used to test the significance of the difference between two independent groups. Results: When the levels of cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormones were examined before and after anaerobic exercise in male athletes, it was found that growth (z=-2.10, p=0.03) and testosterone (z=-2.52, p=0.012) hormone levels increased after anaerobic exercise, and the difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in cortisol hormone (P>0.05). In female athletes, when cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormone levels were examined before and after anaerobic exercise, it was found that cortisol (z=-2.24, p=0.02) hormone levels increased after anaerobic exercise, and the difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in growth and testosterone hormones (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is thought that sports scientists can contribute to sports science by researching the effects of exercise on hormone secretion more comprehensively with different age, gender, branch, and different training methods.

Objective: To evaluate the association of salivary progesterone and estradiol levels and the progesterone-to-estradiol ratio (P4/E2 ratio) in early pregnancy with threatened miscarriage and pregnancy outcome. Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, between 10 January 2025 and 10 January 2026. Primigravid women with a confirmed live intrauterine pregnancy were included. Saliva samples were collected at 6–7 and 8–9 weeks of gestation; in pregnancies remaining viable to 12 weeks, salivary estradiol was also measured at week 12. Progesterone and estradiol levels were measured by immunoassay, and the P4/E2 ratio was calculated. Participants were classified as healthy ongoing pregnancies to 12 weeks (n = 102), threatened miscarriage with viability preserved to 12 weeks after progesterone treatment (n = 63), and miscarriage (n = 29). Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, and paired-samples t-test, as appropriate. Results: At both 6–7 and 8–9 weeks, progesterone, estradiol, and the P4/E2 ratio differed significantly among groups. Values were highest in uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies, lowest in pregnancies ending in miscarriage, and generally intermediate in progesterone-treated threatened miscarriage with preserved viability. The progesterone-to-estradiol ratio increased significantly from 6–7 to 8–9 weeks in uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies (p = 0.005), whereas no significant longitudinal change was observed in the threatened miscarriage group. Among pregnancies viable at 12 weeks, estradiol levels at week 12 remained significantly lower in women with prior vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Salivary progesterone, estradiol, and the progesterone-to-estradiol ratio were significantly associated with early pregnancy outcome in this prospective cohort. These findings suggest that salivary hormonal assessment may provide a non-invasive adjunct for characterizing early hormonal patterns in threatened miscarriage; however, it should not be interpreted as a stand-alone prognostic tool without further validation in larger cohorts.

Background: Levodopa combined with carbidopa and entacapone (LCE) and levodopa combined with benserazide (LB) are commonly used treatment options in every stage of Parkinson’s disease. Although both combinations aim to enhance dopamine bioavailability and improve motor symptoms, their short-term biochemical effects remain to be clarified. This study aims to compare the short-term effects of LCE and LB on plasma dopamine levels in patients with early-stage, unilateral Parkinson’s disease. Methods: This prospective, single-center, randomized controlled study included patients diagnosed with early-stage Parkinson’s disease presenting with unilateral motor symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either LCE or LB therapy. This study was a randomized controlled trial performed according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Venous blood samples were collected before drug administration and at 90- and 180-minute post-administration to measure plasma dopamine levels using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Ninety patients were included in the study. Of these, 34.4% were female, and the median age was 69.5 years. The tremor-dominant subtype was observed in 92.2% of patients. LCE was administered to 48.9% of the patients, while 51.1% received LB. Both LCE and LB led to increases in plasma dopamine concentrations within the first 180 minutes. However, no significant difference was observed between the 2 treatment groups and within groups over time, in terms of dopamine elevation ( P > .05, all values). Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effects of LCE and LB combinations on plasma dopamine levels in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease with unilateral involvement. Further large-scale, multicenter studies with extended follow-up are required to assess long-term clinical outcomes, including motor response duration and adverse effects.

Amaç: İmmatür granülositler (IG); bant nötrofil, bazofil veya eozinofil formuna immatür granülositik miyeloid hücreler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. IG’ler enfeksiyon, inflamasyon, sepsis ve diğer uyaranlar olduğunda kemik iliğinden salınan prematüre granülositlerdir (promiyelosit, miyelosit, metamiyelosit). Osteoporoz vücut immün disfonksiyonu ve sistematik inflamasyon aktivasyonu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız osteoporoz olan ve olmayan hastalar arasında IG ve kemik mineral yoğunluğu ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’ne Kasım 2022 – Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında postmenapozal 50-80 yaş aralığında rutin kontrol için başvuran ve kemik mineral dansitometri (KMD) çekimi yapılan, demografik verileri ve immatür granülosit sayıları olan hastalar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Çalışmamızda hastalar; T skoru -2,5 ve altı olanlar (n=199) (Grup 1), T skoru -2,5 ve -1 arasında olanlar (n=213) (Grup 2), T skoru -1 ve üzeri olanlar (n=203) (Grup 3) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmışlardır.Bulgular: Grup1’de yaş, immatür granülosit sayısı, immatür granülosit yüzdesi ve lenfosit sayısı anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur (p = 0,000*). Pearson Ki-kare testi (p = 0,000*) sonucuna göre sigara içme durumu ile KMD arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Sigara içenlerin oranı, grup 1'de en yüksektir(%43,7). Daha düşük KMD olan bireylerde sigara içme oranı artmaktadır (p = 0,000*). Hastalık durumu baz alınarak kurulan lojistik regresyon modeline göre İmmatür granülosit sayısı 1 birim arttığında, hastalık riskinin %96,3 azalacağı tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmamız inflamatuar süreçlerin kemik mineral dansitesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmiş ve immatürgranülosit sayısının osteoporoz tanısında potansiyel bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.