Today, population settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan, especially rural settlements, ensure the increase of the main population. Therefore, in this article, rural population settlements in the republic, the number and increase of their population were studied in the section of economic districts and regions. The reforms carried out in Uzbekistan in the last 30 years and how their results are reflected in the size, number and weight of rural settlements were proved by determining the rate of population growth, distribution in the territorial structure, density of villages and the distances between them.The unique geographical location of Uzbekistan and the location of the rural population of the regions in it, the role and importance of the increase in the rural population in the growth of the country's total population were revealed. In particular, the crowded and dense concentration of villages in the Ferghana Valley, which occupies the first place in terms of population density not only in the republic, but also in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, which has a large land area and a small population, and the increase in the number of rural residents in the Navoi regions, the differences in the territorial structure were clearly highlighted. Efforts were made to thoroughly research the effect of the work done on increasing the level of urbanization in the republic, the role of the rural population and the actual situation within the framework of rural districts and villages.

Ushbu maqolada ta’lim tizimini geografik tadqiq etishning ilmiy-nazariy masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim infratuzilmasining hududiy joylashuvi, rivojlanish omillari hamda geografik xususiyatlari ilmiy asosda o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, ta’lim tizimining hududiy tashkil etilishi hamda uni takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari bo‘yicha takliflar beriladi.

This article examines the issue of employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan, where the population is rapidly increasing and the number of new entrants to the labor market continues to grow each year—with a particular focus on the Surkhandarya Region, located in the southern part of the country. Despite possessing abundant natural resources, favorable environmental conditions, and a substantial labor force, Surkhandarya remains among the least developed regions in terms of socio-economic progress. The study employs various research methods, including statistical analysis, cartographic modeling, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and case study analysis. The article assesses the influence of geographical and demographic factors on employment in Surkhandarya—one of the regions with the lowest employment levels in Uzbekistan—and analyzes the dynamics of these factors over time. Furthermore, the research explores the interrelation between geographical and demographic factors and employment in Surkhandarya, located in the southern part of Uzbekistan. The region was evaluated using a geographical assessment scale to measure the impact of natural conditions and resources on socio-economic development. Based on data provided by the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics, the study analyzes demographic factors influencing employment in Surkhandarya from 2010 to 2025 and maps these changes using GIS technologies. The findings reveal that Surkhandarya records one of the lowest employment levels among the regions of Uzbekistan despite possessing sufficient natural, socio-economic, and demographic potential. The results also indicate that ensuring sustainable employment in the region requires evidence-based measures aimed at developing underperforming economic sectors and implementing a region-specific migration policy tailored to local conditions.

Muayyan hudud aholisi demografik tarkibi hamda uning bandlik holatining shakllanishi uzoq darvlar davomida hududning tabiiy sharoiti va xo‘jaligi natijasida tarkib topadigan tarixiy jarayon hisoblanadi. Mazkur maqolada Surxondaryo viloyati aholisi bandligi shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar tarmoqlarida bandligi qisqacha yoritilgan.