As a two-terminal mass element, an inerter makes up for the lack of mass impedance in a traditional vehicle suspension system. A passive Inerter-Spring-Damper (ISD) suspension can significantly improve vibration isolation performance in a low frequency range, while the impact is not obvious in other frequency bands. To isolate a wider frequency of vibrations in a vehicle suspension system on the basis of an ISD suspension, this paper combines the concepts of using an Acceleration-Driven-Damping (ADD) approach, which can effectively suppress vibrations in medium and high frequency bands, and an ISD passive network, which is superior in low frequency bands. First, an ideal model optimization design method of an ISD vehicle suspension based on an ADD positive real network is proposed, and a secondorder model is built. The parameters are optimized by means of the artificial fish swarm algorithm considering both positive real constraints and suspension performance constraints. Then, on the basis of the optimal ideal model, a radial basis function sliding mode controller is designed to control the ISD vehicle suspension system using a mechatronic inerter. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the dynamic performance of the proposed ISD suspension. The results show that a controllable ISD suspension system based on an ADD positive real network can improve the suspension performance effectively and isolate a wide range of frequency vibrations. This research provides theoretical evidence and methodological guidance for further enriching the design and dynamic control of ISD suspension systems.

This article concerns a hybrid vehicle suspension system that can regenerate energy from vibrations. To further improve the performance of the hybrid vehicle suspension system, the design of the energy-regenerative circuit is investigated. First, the force tests of the linear motor used in the hybrid vehicle suspension were carried out, and the key parameters of the linear motor were obtained. Then, the selection procedures of the protective resistance, inductance, and initial terminal voltage of the super capacitor were discussed. These aforementioned parameters’ values were determined by considering the impact of the hybrid suspension on the dynamic performance indexes and the energy-regenerative efficiency. Simulations showed that, in comparison to the original hybrid suspension system, the designed hybrid suspension effectively improved the energy-regenerative efficiency, and that the dynamic performance indexes of the suspension were synchronously improved. Given the result of the simulation analysis, which were validated by bench tests, it is shown that the optimized energy-regenerative circuit presents an enhanced regeneration efficiency, with an improvement of nearly 13% compared to the original suspension system.

With the development of the traditional semi-active suspensions, different kinds of control algorithms have been proposed and applied, including skyhook (SH), acceleration-driven-damper (ADD), power-driven-damper (PDD), the mixed SH and ADD (SH-ADD), mixed SH and PDD (SH-PDD), and others. Among them, the vibration suppression in a wide frequency domain is realized by the SH-ADD or the SH-PDD, but the latter is more effective. Subsequently, the vehicle inertial suspension has been found to have better vibration suppression performance than the conventional suspension in the low frequency band. In order to suppress body vibration in a wide frequency domain to improve overall ride comfort, the inertial suspension using SH-PDD is proposed to further improve the vibration isolation performance due to its superiority of low frequency resistance in this paper. First, an inertial suspension model of SH-PDD strategy is established, and the superior characteristics of an inertial suspension in a low frequency range are verified in numerical analysis. Then, the impact of the damping coefficient of the SH-PDD control strategy on the dynamic output performance of an inertial suspension is studied. In addition, the parameters of the proposed inertial suspension are optimized by means of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. By designing the error dynamic equation and sliding mode switching function, a sliding mode variable structure controller for an inertial suspension is finally constructed. Simulation results show that compared with the SH-PDD conventional suspension and the conventional suspension, the RMS value of body acceleration of the SH-PDD inertial suspension is reduced by 16.6% and 32.2% respectively, and the reduction is mainly in a low frequency range. Therefore, the proposed inertial suspension possesses better attenuation ability for the vehicle body vibrations to improve ride comfort.

As a two‐terminal mechanical element, the inerter has been successfully applied in various mechanical fields, such as automotive engineering and civil engineering, for passive control and semiactive control. In this paper, a hydraulic electric inerter is considered an active device to suppress the vibration of a vehicle suspension system. The components and working principle of the hydraulic electric inerter are first introduced. On the basis of a force test of the hydraulic electric inerter, nonlinear factors such as friction, the damping force, and the elastic effect are analyzed, and parameter identification methods are adopted to identify the detailed parameters. A dynamic model of the vehicle suspension system employing a nonlinear hydraulic electric inerter is established, and the predictive controller is designed to further improve the vibration isolation performance of the suspension system. Numerical simulations show that the performance of the vehicle ISD (inerter‐spring‐damper) suspension system is significantly improved compared to the passive suspension. Finally, bench tests are carried out, and the advantages of vehicle ISD suspension are demonstrated. The RMS (root‐mean‐square) value of the vehicle body acceleration and the RMS value of the suspension working space are reduced by 16.1% and 8.9%, respectively.

This paper concerns the performance analysis of a fractional-order vehicle mechatronic ISD suspension with parameter perturbation. A dynamic model of the vehicle mechatronic ISD suspension based on a fractional-order electrical network is constructed. The superiority of the vibration isolation...