The purpose of this review is to compare the effectiveness of SuperPulsed thulium fiber laser (SP TFL) and holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in lithotripsy, with the aim of evaluating the differences between the two in key indicators, such as lithotripsy efficiency and safety, and providing reference for clinical selection of better lithotripsy methods. By searching multiple authoritative medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases) and including the results of relevant clinical studies and laboratory studies, the indexes involving SP TFL and Ho:YAG lasers in the included literature were analyzed. We found a total of 24 relevant pieces of literature. The laser parameters, such as ablation efficiency, ablation speed, operative time, dust quality, retropulsion, visibility, temperature safety, and stone-free rate, were compared between laboratory studies and clinical outcomes. Preclinical studies have shown that SP TFL has a higher rate of stone ablation, a weaker retropulsion and a lower risk of fiber breakage. The results of clinical studies showed that the two methods were comparable in the ablation rate, laser time and operative time, stone-free rate and complication. SP TFL offered better endoscopic view quality and less retropulsion. While the Ho:YAG laser remains the primary choice for endoscopic laser lithotripsy, the emergence of SP TFL offers a promising new option for the minimally invasive treatment of urinary calculi. Parameter range, retropulsion effect, laser fiber adaptability, and overall system performance demand comprehensive attention. SP TFL has a relatively short clinical application history, and further research is necessary to fully explore its long-term advantages, clinical significance, and possible limitations.

Relevant studies have pointed out that Passiflora could relieve depressive disorder (DD) related symptoms, such as anxiety and insomnia, but its mechanism in DD has not been reported. In this study, DD-related transcriptome data was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, 50 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by “limma,” and the enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that they were associated with neuro-inflammatory-related signaling pathways, including IL-17, TNF, NF-kappa B, etc signaling pathways. Then, CCDC58, CXCL5, EGR1, LOC101929855, SCML1, and THBS1 were screened as biomarkers of DD by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Moreover, Harmaline, Harmine, Quercetin, and Kaempferol were the key chemically active ingredients of Passiflora. Noticeable, THBS1 and Quercetin were connected closely. In addition, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that the key biomarkers (EGR1 and THBS1) were significantly lowly expressed in DD samples. In summary, we identified 2 key biomarkers of DD and 4 key chemically active ingredients of Passiflora. The potential mechanism of antidepressant effect of DD associated with neuro-inflammatory responses and neurotransmitter function. These might related to the synergistic activity of its key active ingredients with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, etc, which work with EGR1 and THBS1 to regulate IL-17, NF-kappa B, TNF, etc signaling pathways. These findings might help to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of Passiflora in clinical treatment of DD.

Organoids, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models derived from patient tissues or stem cells, have developed into transformative tools in oncology by recapitulating the structural, genetic, and functional heterogeneity of native tumors. move from fundamental research to clinical application. This review outlines key applications of organoids in cancer research, including tumor modeling, high-throughput drug screening, immunotherapy evaluation, and dissection of metastatic mechanisms. Case studies of various cancers highlight their ability to preserve patient-specific genomic alterations and predict treatment outcomes. Although challenges remain in many areas, multidisciplinary advances in bioengineering and multi-omics integration are expected to overcome these limitations, demonstrating the unprecedented potential of this technology.

Introduction: This study was designed to validate the formula of New Baseline Glomerular Filtration Rate (NB-GFR) within a multicenter cohort of southern Chinese patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN), with a specific focus on assessing its accuracy and effectiveness. Methods: The predictive capability of the formula proposed by professor Palacios DA for estimating NB-GFR after PN or RN was evaluated, with a focus on its efficacy in the southern Chinese population. A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 398 RN patients and 185 PN patients from three hospitals between 2015 and 2022. The correlation between the postoperative NB-GFR predicted by the equation and the actual GFR of the patients was analyzed, and the level of agreement was assessed. Results: We found strong positive correlation between NB-GFR and GFR after PN, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.645, 95% confidence interval (95% confidence interval (CI)) [0.552–0.722], P < 0.001. Moderate positive correlation was observed between NB-GFR and GFR after RN, with R = 0.434, 95% CI [0.339–0.501]. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis demonstrated a moderate concordance between post-operative GFR and NB-GFR, with a CCC value of 0.522 (95% CI [0.461–0.579], P < 0.001) for RN and 0.533 (95% CI [0.472–0.589], P < 0.001) for PN. Conclusion: The NB-GFR prediction equation demonstrates moderate concordance with actual postoperative GFR in southern Chinese patients undergoing RN or PN, indicating broad application potential.